How do I make a gloss?
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- rupestrian
- Posts: 11
- Joined: 31 Mar 2016 01:29
How do I make a gloss?
The question is fairly straight forward. I've seen glosses, of course, but have never even attempted to make one. The problem is, I think, I don't even know what half of my conlang would be considered, grammatically. I just make a word, describe its grammatical function in about a paragraph or two, and refer back as needed.
Describing sentence structure practically requires writing an essay.
It would be useful if somebody could gloss a few English sentences, for examples.
Describing sentence structure practically requires writing an essay.
It would be useful if somebody could gloss a few English sentences, for examples.
Lìm shya cuâcua to'an wi
You are an unbreakable melon.
You are an unbreakable melon.
Re: How do I make a gloss?
Glossing a metalanguage back into itself is a largely useless exercise, but here's what it looks like:
The sun shone
DEF sun shine;PST
The kitten-s play-ed in the woods
DEF kitten-PL play-PST in DEF woods
The sun shone
DEF sun shine;PST
The kitten-s play-ed in the woods
DEF kitten-PL play-PST in DEF woods
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- mayan
- Posts: 2080
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Re: How do I make a gloss?
Shouldn't this be:Micamo wrote:woods
woods
wood-s
wood-PL
Re: How do I make a gloss?
IMD at least, "woods" is grammatically singular. See:GrandPiano wrote:Shouldn't this be:Micamo wrote:woods
woods
wood-s
wood-PL
The woods is a scary place
?The woods are a frightening place
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- mayan
- Posts: 2080
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Re: How do I make a gloss?
I see what you mean. That didn't occur to me before. (IMD = In My Dialect?)
Re: How do I make a gloss?
Yes.GrandPiano wrote:(IMD = In My Dialect?)
Re: How do I make a gloss?
Have a look at this:Not Napoleon wrote:The question is fairly straight forward. I've seen glosses, of course, but have never even attempted to make one. The problem is, I think, I don't even know what half of my conlang would be considered, grammatically. I just make a word, describe its grammatical function in about a paragraph or two, and refer back as needed.
Describing sentence structure practically requires writing an essay.
It would be useful if somebody could gloss a few English sentences, for examples.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_g ... reviations
Also, maybe look at the Translations section of this forum and look at the glosses there.
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- sinic
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Re: How do I make a gloss?
Note that, depending on the situation, glosses don't always have to be that technical. If your language has a definite article which is very close in function to English "the", it wouldn't be unreasonable to gloss it as "the" instead of "DEF". Or if it's not important for the point you're making that a word meaning "cats" can be divided into constituent morphemes "cat-PL" (or whatever), you might just want to gloss it as "cats".
The Leipzig Glossing Rules, easily discovered via a Google search, give various common glossing conventions and also contain a list of common abbreviations.
The Leipzig Glossing Rules, easily discovered via a Google search, give various common glossing conventions and also contain a list of common abbreviations.
The Man in the Blackened House, a conworld-based serialised web-novel
Re: How do I make a gloss?
A few basic ones that might be helpful:
An underbar ( _ ) usally connects words that are more than one word in the target language, but a single one in the source language.
Example (German)
Schiffskapitänsmütze
Ship_captain's_hat
A hyphen ( - ) connects segregable affixes in a single word.
Example (French)
Poisson-s
fish-PL
A period ( . ) connects non-segregable grammatical categories within a single affix, clitic or particle.
Example (Latin)
dom-ōs
house-PL.ACC
Those are the very basic ones used by nearly everyone on this board (although more or lest consequent; it appears that many conlangers here have fit in the conventions very well for their own languages; especially users of agglutinative languages don't seem to differ between a period and a hyphen in many cases).
A few useful grammatical affixes you might find useful (note that most people tend not to mark zero-marked categories like Singular and nominative case)
1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL: The basic persons (I, you, he/she/it, we you, they); your language might have different ones
SG = Singular (often omitted apart from personal pronouns)
PL = Plural
DU = Dual
NOM = Nominative case (often omitted)
GEN = Genitive case
DAT = Dative case
ACC = Accusative case
ERG = Ergative case
ABS = Absolutive case
PRS = Present tense
PST = Past tense
PERF = Perfect tense
FUT = Future tense
PERF = perfective aspect
IMPF = imperfective aspect
PROG = progressive aspect
HAB = habituative aspect
NEG = negative
DEF = definite (often used for definite articles)
INDEF = indefinite (see before)
BE = 'be' verb (can be divided into COP = copula and EXIST = existential 'be' if your language does so)
PAS = Passive voice
AP = Antipassive voice
1SG.POSS = Possessive pronoun
1SG.REFL = Reflexive pronoun
DEM = Demonstrative (either pronoun or article)
PROX = proximal
DIST = distal
Find the ones that fit best in your language. I hope I could help a bit
An underbar ( _ ) usally connects words that are more than one word in the target language, but a single one in the source language.
Example (German)
Schiffskapitänsmütze
Ship_captain's_hat
A hyphen ( - ) connects segregable affixes in a single word.
Example (French)
Poisson-s
fish-PL
A period ( . ) connects non-segregable grammatical categories within a single affix, clitic or particle.
Example (Latin)
dom-ōs
house-PL.ACC
Those are the very basic ones used by nearly everyone on this board (although more or lest consequent; it appears that many conlangers here have fit in the conventions very well for their own languages; especially users of agglutinative languages don't seem to differ between a period and a hyphen in many cases).
A few useful grammatical affixes you might find useful (note that most people tend not to mark zero-marked categories like Singular and nominative case)
1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL: The basic persons (I, you, he/she/it, we you, they); your language might have different ones
SG = Singular (often omitted apart from personal pronouns)
PL = Plural
DU = Dual
NOM = Nominative case (often omitted)
GEN = Genitive case
DAT = Dative case
ACC = Accusative case
ERG = Ergative case
ABS = Absolutive case
PRS = Present tense
PST = Past tense
PERF = Perfect tense
FUT = Future tense
PERF = perfective aspect
IMPF = imperfective aspect
PROG = progressive aspect
HAB = habituative aspect
NEG = negative
DEF = definite (often used for definite articles)
INDEF = indefinite (see before)
BE = 'be' verb (can be divided into COP = copula and EXIST = existential 'be' if your language does so)
PAS = Passive voice
AP = Antipassive voice
1SG.POSS = Possessive pronoun
1SG.REFL = Reflexive pronoun
DEM = Demonstrative (either pronoun or article)
PROX = proximal
DIST = distal
Find the ones that fit best in your language. I hope I could help a bit
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: How do I make a gloss?
How would I differ between the inclusive "we" 1PL and the exclusive "we" in which the listener is not included?Iyionaku wrote:1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL: The basic persons (I, you, he/she/it, we you, they); your language might have different ones
Re: How do I make a gloss?
answer in bold.OTheB wrote:How would I differ between the inclusive "we" 1PL and the exclusive "we" in which the listener is not included?Iyionaku wrote:1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL: The basic persons (I, you, he/she/it, we you, they); your language might have different ones
:)
INCL and EXCL, if memory serves. not sure if you'd have to do 1PL2EXCL for that, though. (1PL.EXCL2 ?)
At work on Apaan: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4799
Re: How do I make a gloss?
That helps, now what about if both the singular and plural 2nd person are achieved with the same word/affix? Do we put the marker that it means in that specific case? Or is there a general one?Keenir wrote:answer in bold.OTheB wrote:How would I differ between the inclusive "we" 1PL and the exclusive "we" in which the listener is not included?Iyionaku wrote:1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL: The basic persons (I, you, he/she/it, we you, they); your language might have different ones
:)
INCL and EXCL, if memory serves. not sure if you'd have to do 1PL2EXCL for that, though. (1PL.EXCL2 ?)
- Dormouse559
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Re: How do I make a gloss?
You would just write 1PL.INCL or 1PL.EXCL. Clusivity by definition only involves the addressee, so no need to note it.Keenir wrote:INCL and EXCL, if memory serves. not sure if you'd have to do 1PL2EXCL for that, though. (1PL.EXCL2 ?)
For your most recent question, OTheB, when a single form could have one of multiple meanings, you can use a general term, if such a thing is possible for the meanings. Or you can write whichever meaning is meant in that case. It depends on what the point of that particular gloss is. To write "second person" with no number implications, just write "2" (the same with the other person indicators: 1, 2, 3, 4 …)
Re: How do I make a gloss?
well, if you're making a table...you put the same word/affix in the slot for Singular1 and Singular2.OTheB wrote:That helps, now what about if both the singular and plural 2nd person are achieved with the same word/affix? Do we put the marker that it means in that specific case? Or is there a general one?Keenir wrote:answer in bold.OTheB wrote:How would I differ between the inclusive "we" 1PL and the exclusive "we" in which the listener is not included?Iyionaku wrote:1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL: The basic persons (I, you, he/she/it, we you, they); your language might have different ones
:)
INCL and EXCL, if memory serves. not sure if you'd have to do 1PL2EXCL for that, though. (1PL.EXCL2 ?)
At work on Apaan: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4799