Sawaan scratchpad
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
EDIT: DELETE
Last edited by Shemtov on 31 Jan 2017 02:54, edited 1 time in total.
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
Verbs with multiple subjects or objects take the focus that corresponds to the multiple nouns, and the two nouns are stringed together after the focus marker:
Mañ ni ki'oyangi ko 'aałi sontaa añ 'ato'a 'añ totonga 'añ woho
There are women and men who shouldn't destroy the canoes with fire for the chiefs"
Sa ki'ongi ngoi totonga 'a'aawa añ 'aałi 'ato'a 'añ woho
The women have destroyed the canoes and the spears with fire for the chiefs"
There are some verbs that when in the active voice, have their objects expressed as alienable possesions of the subject:
Sopaało "To steal"
Sa sopaało'añ ngoi sontaa 'o tonga to'a 'o tonga
"The man has stolen the canoes of the chief."
Mañ ni ki'oyangi ko 'aałi sontaa añ 'ato'a 'añ totonga 'añ woho
There are women and men who shouldn't destroy the canoes with fire for the chiefs"
Sa ki'ongi ngoi totonga 'a'aawa añ 'aałi 'ato'a 'añ woho
The women have destroyed the canoes and the spears with fire for the chiefs"
There are some verbs that when in the active voice, have their objects expressed as alienable possesions of the subject:
Sopaało "To steal"
Sa sopaało'añ ngoi sontaa 'o tonga to'a 'o tonga
"The man has stolen the canoes of the chief."
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
Proper names take different focus and non-focus markers then regular nouns being Li'o and waang:
Ngoto'a sa kom hi'o'oki waang Pii'o ngoi manno
Pii'o has finished dancing and going on a fishing expedition for the village.
There are three sentence-final particles that indicate Epistemic mood and sarcasm:
Dubatative : 'o'o
Assumptive: toñ
Mirative: Namo
Sa miso pilaki li'o Pii'o toñ
"I assume it might be Pii'o that began to sing"
Sa miso pilaki li'o Pii'o 'o'o
"I doubt Pii'o began to sing
Sa miso pilaki li'o Pii'o namo
"Pii'o began to sing?!!"
Ngoto'a sa kom hi'o'oki waang Pii'o ngoi manno
Pii'o has finished dancing and going on a fishing expedition for the village.
There are three sentence-final particles that indicate Epistemic mood and sarcasm:
Dubatative : 'o'o
Assumptive: toñ
Mirative: Namo
Sa miso pilaki li'o Pii'o toñ
"I assume it might be Pii'o that began to sing"
Sa miso pilaki li'o Pii'o 'o'o
"I doubt Pii'o began to sing
Sa miso pilaki li'o Pii'o namo
"Pii'o began to sing?!!"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
The non-focus particle 'añ can be used as a pronoun for inanimate objects, when they were the focus in the previous utterance:
Sa ki'ongi 'añ 'aałi 'añ 'ato'a ngoi totonga. Sa liwoyaho ngoi 'aałi 'añ '.
"The women have destroyed the canoes for the chiefs. The women burnt them [the canoes].
Sa ki'ongi 'añ 'aałi 'añ 'ato'a ngoi totonga. Sa liwoyaho ngoi 'aałi 'añ '.
"The women have destroyed the canoes for the chiefs. The women burnt them [the canoes].
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
- alynnidalar
- greek
- Posts: 700
- Joined: 17 Aug 2014 03:22
- Location: Michigan, USA
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
And how would you say "The women burnt them (the chiefs)"?
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
You would use the appropriate 3P pronoun. The construction above is only used with non focus nouns that used to be focus.alynnidalar wrote:And how would you say "The women burnt them (the chiefs)"?
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
Location:
The verb of motion Kihoonti is assumed to have the attribute of "come to" when unmarked
'ai kihoontihi ngoi Waan 'añ to'a
"The chief is coming to Waan"
However, when the movement is away from the noun of location the particle ti is added after the noun:
'ai kihoontihi ngoi Waan ti 'añ to'a
"The cheif is coming from Waan"
When a noun of location is expressed, it is assumed that the action is taking place there. However, location particles can be put after the location noun to express movement:
To: 'am
From: Ti
Through: Maa
'ai napoohi ngoong ngoi Waan maa
"I am walking through[out] Waan"
Sa sopaało'añ ngoi sontaa 'o tonga to'a 'o tonga 'añ Hohi ti
"The man stole the cheif's canoes while coming from Fuhe"
The verb of motion Kihoonti is assumed to have the attribute of "come to" when unmarked
'ai kihoontihi ngoi Waan 'añ to'a
"The chief is coming to Waan"
However, when the movement is away from the noun of location the particle ti is added after the noun:
'ai kihoontihi ngoi Waan ti 'añ to'a
"The cheif is coming from Waan"
When a noun of location is expressed, it is assumed that the action is taking place there. However, location particles can be put after the location noun to express movement:
To: 'am
From: Ti
Through: Maa
'ai napoohi ngoong ngoi Waan maa
"I am walking through[out] Waan"
Sa sopaało'añ ngoi sontaa 'o tonga to'a 'o tonga 'añ Hohi ti
"The man stole the cheif's canoes while coming from Fuhe"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
Compounding is a common way of forming more nouns. A prosthetic nasal, that assimilates to the second words first consonant's POA, is inserted between the two words.
Nitoo "Rock" Ngaapo "Edible bird egg"
Nitoongngaapo "Unfertilized egg"
"Maika" "Girl" "To'a" "Chief"
Maikanto'a "A leader among girls"
If the first word ends in a nasal alraedy, it assimilates to the second word's first consonant's POA:
'ikiñ "Fish" Tonga "Boat"
'ikintonga "Fishing boat"
In some dialects, this is used with verb+noun combinations to form new verbs, for forming new verbs, from concepts borrowed from Fuhe, even though the new verb may be more then trisyllabic, and a long vowel may fall on any syllable:
'iipa "To look" Kaatoong "word"
'iipangkaatoong "To read"
Nitoo "Rock" Ngaapo "Edible bird egg"
Nitoongngaapo "Unfertilized egg"
"Maika" "Girl" "To'a" "Chief"
Maikanto'a "A leader among girls"
If the first word ends in a nasal alraedy, it assimilates to the second word's first consonant's POA:
'ikiñ "Fish" Tonga "Boat"
'ikintonga "Fishing boat"
In some dialects, this is used with verb+noun combinations to form new verbs, for forming new verbs, from concepts borrowed from Fuhe, even though the new verb may be more then trisyllabic, and a long vowel may fall on any syllable:
'iipa "To look" Kaatoong "word"
'iipangkaatoong "To read"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien
Re: Sawaan scratchpad
Proper names have a different focus particle "La":
Mañ ni ki'osingi 'añ 'aałi La Maasa 'añ totonga 'añ woho
"The women shouldn't destroy the canoes with fire for Maasa"
Mañ ni ki'osingi 'añ 'aałi La Maasa 'añ totonga 'añ woho
"The women shouldn't destroy the canoes with fire for Maasa"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
-JRR Tolkien