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 Post subject: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 00:07 
cuneiform
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Nammuq

Hello! I'm Alex and this is my conlang; Nammuq. The name Nammuq comes from the word nammụ, which means 'to speak like me'. I'm a bit embarrassed, because I'm not as good at linguistics as all of you guys (I actually failed my grammar exam in university...). But I'm gonna try, and with your helpful comments I might actually be able to make a decent presentation out of this. [:)]

I decided to put everything up in documents instead, because I'm already losing track of the posts in the thread. So I'll just post the links like so:

  • About the language: Nammuq (Dropbox link)
    This is a document of what I'd written in this thread so far, but with recent changes and updates.

  • Map and breef info of conregion: Uhoq (Dropbox link)
    A map rather beautifully drawn by yours truly in MS Paint.


Last edited by Allekanger on Sat 20 Apr 2013, 22:56, edited 5 times in total.

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 Post subject: Phonology
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 00:07 
cuneiform
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I'mma try to explain the phonology (and morphophonology?) of Nammuq in this section. Even though the phonemic inventory might be considered rather small, it's not my intention to create a minimalistic language or so, I guess I just happen to like these sounds, well and simple. [:)]

Phonology...

Vowels
[img]

The open vowel /a/ ranges from rather freely from front to back, while /i/ is a high front vowel. The back vowel /u/ is pronounced with compressed rather than protruded lips. After semi-vowels /j/ and /w/, high vowels /i/ and /u/ are lowered to [e~ɛ] and [o~ɔ] respectively. This is indicated in the romanized orthography. Two identical vowels are separated by a [ɾ]-like sound, written as <r>.


Consonants
[img]

Pretty simple, I guess. Stops become voiced between vowels; shown in writing as <b d g>. The fricatives /s/ and /z/ sometimes becomes alveo-palatal before /i/. All consonants except the approximants can be geminated (I'm unsure about the glottal stop, but it's not phonemic, so maybe it doesn't matter..). The glottal /h/ is not pronounced in the beginning or at the end of words, but I'll get to that in the next section.

Syllable structure is also quite simple: CV(H), where H denotes a glottal consonant. Stress is non-phonemic.

...and morphophonology?
I dunno if this is the right name for these processes, but I will in any case explain how morphemes (if even that is the right word...) behave alone and also what happens when they're joint together.
So I'm explaning all of this in a pretty basic manner, not because you guys wouldn't understand it otherwise (because I'm sure you would), nor because it's special and unique or anything, but merely because I don't know how to say it with advanced linguist terms.

Morphemes are always made up of CV sequences and they end either with or without a glottal stop /ʔ/. The glottal stop never occurs within the morpheme itself. Examples of good morphemes being CV, CVH, CVCV, CVCVH, CVCVCV etc. When morphemes are added to each other to create longer words, their ending affects the acoustics of the morpheme boundary. This is shown in the table below.

The two columns represents the two morpheme endings; open (-V) and closed (-Vʔ). The rows represent the first syllable of the following morpheme. It might have been more natural to switch the content of the rows and the columns, but I wanted to also fit the examples in there.

[img]

Gemination is indicated with a double consonant in writing. The consonants in the first group don't geminate(?), while the consonants of the second and third groups geminate depending on the ending.


Last edited by Allekanger on Thu 18 Apr 2013, 21:43, edited 5 times in total.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 00:31 
darkness
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Location: behind you.
a, i and u look incredibly lonely up there.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 00:33 
roman
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I like the phonem inventory, it seems naturalistic to me [:)]

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 Post subject: Re: Phonology
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 01:02 
greek
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Allekanger wrote:
I'mma try to explain the phonology (and morphophonology?) of Nammuq in this section. Even though the phonemic inventory might be considered rather small, it's not my intention to create a minimalistic language or so, I guess I just happen to like these sounds, well and simple. [:)]


nothing wrong with that; some conlangers feel a small inventory makes it more challenging or more fun.

Quote:
Syllable structure is also quite simple: CV(H), where H denotes a glottal consonant.


sound good; a variation on some classic natlangs. (Mandarin off the top of my head)

Quote:
[b][color=#FF0000]I just realized I've been doing this for a couple of hours now(!!!) and I need to take a break (yes, quite the amateur I am).


hey, if you don't pace yourself, you'll burn yourself out, and your conlang will either die or be murdered. (and we don't want either to happen)

great work thus far, and looking forward to seeing more of Nammuq.


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 01:04 
greek
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decemarietis wrote:
a, i and u look incredibly lonely up there.


he did explain how they could become [e~ɛ] and [o~ɔ].


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 01:06 
darkness
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Keenir wrote:

he did explain how they could become [e~ɛ] and [o~ɔ].

Yes, he did.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 08:58 
ice
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Just by seing the name I immediately thought of Greenlandic, and seeing the phonology, even more, but your <q> representing a glottal stop rather than an actual /q/ of course makes a big difference in the end.

Phonologies like these are very nice. Moar.

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‹› · Ḿḿ Ńń Ĺĺ Śś Źź Ąą Ǫǫ Ųų Æ̨æ̨ Ǽǽ Œ̨œ̨ Œ́œ́ Ɣɣ Y̋y̋ Įį Şş Z̧z̧ θ
Āā Ēē Īī Ōō Ūū ↗ Ṭṭ C̣c̣ Łł Ḍḍ Ṣṣ Ẓẓ Ṇṇ Ŋŋ e˞ o˞ ʷ ʲ ʰ ə


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 11:37 
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decemarietis wrote:
a, i and u look incredibly lonely up there.

Three vowel systems are the best! [B)]

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Pumaki nimuśim śima'a na ami nimuśim ara'a. Hini nihrasum i'aku tumra urukani na nihrasum sanik hraspir.


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 14:55 
cuneiform
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decemarietis: Don't worry - they're best friends, so they're not lonely!

Creyeditor: I'm glad you like it! [:)] I didn't want anything too off the chart, so naturalistic sounds good!

Keenir: Thank you! I'm very motivated now. Hopefully I'll be able to post some more on it soon.

Skógvur: Haha, yes, it looks similar to Greenlandic, especially the name of the language. It wasn't intentional, but I can't say I don't like Inualeut feel to it! Hopefully the W:s and the Y:s and the H:s will help separating them!

Ossicone: I agree!


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 20 Nov 2012, 15:43 
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You say you're not very experienced yet this 'start' is very nice. Most people, as you may know, start with kitchen-sink languages, so seeing a beginner go with a small inventory and simple but tidy rules is refreshing :D.

I approve. Mais!

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Wed 21 Nov 2012, 16:16 
wood
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I like this so far! The example words make me think of something Inuktitutish. I especially like the <qC> clusters.
From your etymology of the language's name I can see that it's going to be something incorporating and polysyntheticky and awesome. I'm curious to see what you'll do with it.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Thu 22 Nov 2012, 02:07 
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Taernsietr: Thank you! I guess I like being prepared when I do things like this, so I won't look like a total beginner. I'm not a fan of the kitchen-sinky style myself, so hopefully I'll be able to avoid that. [:)]

Pirka: Yes, I believe this language would be seen as rather incorporating and polysyntheticky (if I've understood those words correctly). Can't say yet though, having no idea of how to classify languages myself, but the words tend to come out rather long and few, so I guess that might be a slight sign of polysynthesis? [:O] However, I'm glad you like it!


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 Post subject: Pinumippiweq
PostPosted: Thu 22 Nov 2012, 02:07 
cuneiform
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Pinuruppiweq (Nammuq Syllabary)

Here's a short presentation of the Nammuq writing system:

[img]

Nammuq is written with a syllabary (or syllabics?), i.e. symbols that contain CV syllables. It is written vertically, starting in the top left corner of a paper sheet. The q character is represented by one single and one double symbol; the double one is used after the mV, nV, ŋV and sV characters, while the single is used after all else. It's merely about variations from an aesthetic view really.

The we character always makes me think of the angry-faced DK Mountain in MarioKart Double Dash... Which I still play, 'cuz I'm just that cool...

Here's a sample text:

[img]

Hope I didn't make any mistakes in that sample, hah... Anyway, I haven't put too much effort into this conscript, but I feel like I should at least have a script that fits the language rather well; it makes it a little more real to me, I guess. A little more solid, sorta.


Last edited by Allekanger on Thu 18 Apr 2013, 21:44, edited 4 times in total.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Thu 22 Nov 2012, 06:52 
ice
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It's really pretty, but I'm wondering whether the characters might need more distinction. There's a fair amount of similarities. I love the name of the thing too.

MK:DD!! is such a good game. We always play it at forum meetups for a Swedish board that I frequent. At one of them, I stuck around for 100 multiplayer races with 3 other players in one night<3 Looking forward to the next time. Mario Kart DS is my favourite, though, I think.

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:swe: :nor: :dan: :eng: = [tick] | :isl: = [:D] | :esp: :por: :fao: = [:)] | :hun: = [:O] | :fin: = [:|] | :ell: :ara: = [:$] [:(]
‹› · Ḿḿ Ńń Ĺĺ Śś Źź Ąą Ǫǫ Ųų Æ̨æ̨ Ǽǽ Œ̨œ̨ Œ́œ́ Ɣɣ Y̋y̋ Įį Şş Z̧z̧ θ
Āā Ēē Īī Ōō Ūū ↗ Ṭṭ C̣c̣ Łł Ḍḍ Ṣṣ Ẓẓ Ṇṇ Ŋŋ e˞ o˞ ʷ ʲ ʰ ə


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Thu 22 Nov 2012, 13:49 
wood
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Allekanger wrote:
Pirka: Yes, I believe this language would be seen as rather incorporating and polysyntheticky (if I've understood those words correctly). Can't say yet though, having no idea of how to classify languages myself, but the words tend to come out rather long and few, so I guess that might be a slight sign of polysynthesis? [:O] However, I'm glad you like it!
To be honest, the term "polysynthesis" is kind of an ambiguous shortcut term. A "polysynthetic" language usually refers to a language the root to morpheme ratio of which is relatively high: for example, English, a analytical-synthetic language, has an average root to morpheme ratio of 1:1; Greenlandic varies between 1:1 and 1:5; Finnish, an agglutinating language, is usually either 1:1 or 1:2.
The reason "polysynthesis" is problematic as a term is mainly because its definition of what is "relatively high" is ambiguous and arbitrary; in other words, how "high" is "polysynthetic"? Other features that "polysynthetic" languages are considered to exhibit are both agentive and patientive marking on the verb (like Greenlandic) and noun-incorporation (sometimes). Still others consider polysynthetic languages those that heavily mark the head phrase. As you can see, the definition of "polysynthesis" varies and often involves several unrelated linguistic features at once, making the practical use of such a term debatable. It also doesn't help that traditionally non-polysynthetic languages like Hungarian exhibit polysynthetic features like the occasional relatively heavy head-marking.

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Last edited by Pirka on Fri 23 Nov 2012, 02:49, edited 1 time in total.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Thu 22 Nov 2012, 22:17 
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Pirka wrote:
...


[+1]

There is at least one attempt to formally define "polysynthesis", by Mark C Baker. IIRC, a polysynthetic languages is a language where each argument of a head must be indicated by a morpheme on that head. For verbs, this means that subject and object must be indicated somehow, either by agreement affixes, or by noun-incorporation. This extents to other kinds of heads as well, with the result that simple words (heads) can contain information corresponding to a whole sentence in a non-polysynthetic language.

We should note that Baker's definition is more narrow than the usual, more vague idea of polysynthesis. Many languages that are usually considered "polysynthetic", do not meet Baker's criterion. For example, Greenlandic would not be a polysynthetic language, according to Baker's definition.

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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Thu 22 Nov 2012, 23:16 
roman
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Allekanger wrote:
Spoiler: show
Pinimippiweq (Nammuq Syllabary)

Here's a short presentation of the Nammuq writing system:

Image

Nammuq is written with a syllabary (or syllabics?), i.e. symbols that contain CV syllables. It is written vertically, starting in the top left corner of a paper sheet.

The we character always makes me think of the angry-faced DK Mountain in MarioKart Double Dash... Which I still play, 'cuz I'm just that cool...

I'll add a sample text tomorrow, because it's getting late here and I need to sleep! Goodnight! [:)]

How exactly do <h> and <q> work? Where are they attached to the other letters? Underneath them? And does the <q> really have three strokes or are they alternative letters?
Edit: Thanks for the example and the explanation [:)]

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/w/,/l/;/ɭ/,/f/;/c/,/k/;/t/;;/e/,/u/;/i/


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Fri 23 Nov 2012, 01:45 
cuneiform
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Skógvur: Yes, you're right. They're quite similar; kinda how I feel about Korean Hangeul too though. I love it, but I have troubles distinguishing some characters.

And I must say your meet-ups sound like fun! I play with my friend whenever we're at her place and we never get tired of it. [:O]

Pirka (and Xing): I'm sorry to say I didn't understand much of that. [:S] Maybe we'll sort it out if I post some examples later.

Creyeditor: Characters h and q are written on their own, below other characters. The q characters are two different characters representing the same sound. They're used in different positions below different characters, but they're basically the same thing.


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 Post subject: Re: Nammuq
PostPosted: Tue 08 Jan 2013, 17:44 
cuneiform
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Smaller changes to the phonology: I made plosives regularly voiced between vowels and added a /z/ phoneme to spice it up a bit.

And here's grammar, sort of...

Grammar, sort of...

First I would like to say thank you to one of the members here on the board for helping me explaining parts of this section - you know who you are! Or if you'd like your (user)name to be mentioned, just let me know. [B)] But yes, I really appreciate your help!

So, here goes. Most words, if not all, can have two forms; one simple form and one to which suffixes are added. The simple form is just any word - noun, verb etc. - in its uninflected self and appears mainly as the nominative (or perhaps subject?) of a sentence. The second form is used when the word is modified by various endings and is derived from the first form as can be seen in the scheme below:

[img]

So a word mazuq would become mazubaq, since the ma-, with the first vowel /a/, triggers the syllable -ba, also with an /a/, in the second form. The -q is always the last part of the word, even in the second form. Some words follow a different pattern than the one above, e.g. zai becomes zaya due to phonological "relief" (/zaia/ → /zaja/).

I guess Nammuq is a very "context based" language in that a word can mean many things depending on context and on the word itself, which is why the use of the two forms vary quite a bit. I've made some examples that I'd like to share with you. For a statement that only requires a subject and a verb (with included optional object), the first form is used:


kisu piuqyaq.
eagle fish-hunt.
The eagle hunts fish.


Here's an example where the second form is used without any suffix added to it:


kisu nayodaq piuqyaq.
eagle lake.LOC fish-hunt.
The eagle hunts fish in the lake.


Here 'lake' (nayoq) is put in it's second form. In the context it's assumed that it means 'in the lake', since it occurs in a non-nominative form and fish can generally be found in a lake, which makes it likely that an eagle might wanna go there looking for it should (s)he wish to do so (there are ways to be more specific too, but that's for another time). The example below, however, uses the second form, but with a suffix added to it. The ending -ŋu(q) is sort of like 'or' in English:


nayodaŋuq araq piuqyaq?
lake.or house.LOC fish-hunt?
Does it hunt fish in the lake or in the house?


So the second form without endings is now seen in aq (→ araq), meaning 'house' and gives us the location of the action, but with the lake as an alternative, because of the -ŋu. Kinda. So yeah, the second form can be used very differently. I might have said it before, but I repeat: I do not in no way think that you wouldn't understand this if I didn't explain it, nor that I have come up with something omgsocool and unique. It's just that I once again do not know the appropriate terms for what I'm talking about. [:D]

Anyway, this it what I had for now, I'm starting to lose myself in all this text. But I hope you're not lost and that this makes sense so far. I'll try to write more a.s.a.p., but I suggest you go on with your lives in the meantime. [:P] Thank you for your patience!


Last edited by Allekanger on Thu 18 Apr 2013, 21:45, edited 2 times in total.

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