New CBB

As promised, here is the speedlanging challenge

Rules:
-You can't use already started conlang, i.e. you have to make your conlang from scratch.
-The challenge lasts two days, starting from 05 of July 2012, 8:00 UTC 00.
-You can take part in the challenge by posting your speedlang here in this topic(see below for requirements).
-After the time expires, every of the participants should PM me with his vote. You can only vote for another's conlang. Vote for the conlang that you like most and state why do you like it most.
-There is also vote based on the requirements. Again, you can vote only for another's speedlang and every of the participants should. Explain why do you think the speedlang you vote for best fulfills the requirements.

What your speedlang has to have:
-Reduplication - onset+nucleus, nucleus+coda, onset+nucleus+coda, whatever you choose. Try to make it express something interesting and eye-catching.
-No more than 33 phonemes. No kitchen sinks here.
-The speedlang should have one and only one of the following features and that feature should be phonemic: aspirated consonants, ejective consonants, rhotacized vowels.
-This one isn't necessary, but it's a bonus: At least two compound tenses - they score more if they express time periods or relations 'out of the box'.

What you should include in your post:
-The name of your conlang.
-Phoneme inventory.
-Orthography + romanization if the speedlang doesn't use latin.
-Phonotactics(optional, bonus).
-Description of what the reduplication does.
-At least ten(10) minimal pairs based on the third requirement (aspirated consonants, ejective consonants, rhotacized vowels).
-Descritption of the compound tenses(optional, bonus).
-Translation of the following part of the universal declaration of human rights + gloss.

-Translation of another sentence or sentences(up to 35 words in English) + gloss. (optional, bonus)
-Brief description of the grammar. (optional, bonus)

Entries:
-Rètoran by 2-4
-Pẽya by Theta
-Khosamï Mi Zu by Keenir

Every of the other speedlangs see and then two votes cast:

There are people of different time zones here. Do you mean 2 days from posting the post?

What are syllable parts doing here?

Whole?

_________________
Native
Mutually intelligibile with native language
Almost fluent
Little
Little more
Everybody can speak it!
Speedlang

Batrachus wrote: nmn wrote: -Translation of the universal declarations of human rights + gloss. Whole?

I think that the sentence "All humans are born equal..." or such like that is enough.

Yes, the time is UTC 00
To show that you can choose whatever kind of reduplication you want.
Yes, I only meant the first sentence.

The Rètoran grammar
Syntax:Questions

Phonology
Phonemic inventory
Consonants

Vowels

Minimal pairs between /ə.r/ or /ər/ and /ɚ/
1. jèr /ʒər/ jà /ʒɚ/
2. tèrus /tə.rus/ tàus /tɚ.us/
3. camèr /ka.mər/ camà /ka.mɚ/
4. sidèri /sid.ə.ri/ sidài /si.dɚ.i/
5. bèr /bər/ bà /bɚ/
6. sathèr /sat.xər/ sathà /sa.txɚ/
7. cèrèr /kə.rər/ câ /kɚ.ɚ/
8. txèrat /tʃə.rat/ txàat /tʃɚ.at/
9. dièr /di.ər/ dià /di.ɚ/
10. tèrgèru /tər.gə.ru/ tàgàu /tɚ.gɚ.u/

Orthography
The orthography represents two vowels in hiatus with a single grapheme.
/i.i/ <í>
/e.e/ <é>
/ə.ə/ <ê>
/ɚ.ɚ/ <â>
/ä.ä/ <á>
/o.o/ <ó>
/u.u/ <ú>

Allophony
The coronal and dorsal stops are palatalised before front vowels.
/x/ is realised as [h] between vowels.
/tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ/ are realised as [tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ] before front vowels.
The vowels are nasalised before nasals. The hing vowels are also lowered to high-mid and mid vowels are lowered to low-mid.


Syllables
The maximum syllable structure is (C)V(C).
If possible, a syllable has no coda.
Any consonant can be the syllable onset.
Any vowel can be the syllable nucleus.
Any consonant can be the syllable coda.
Stops, fricatives, approximants and liquids can be the syllable coda.
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable in all words but monosyllabic.
The monosyllabic words are not stressed and they behave as proclitics except word-finally when they behave as enclitics.

Sandhi
1. Postalveolarisation
/t/ + /j/ > /tʃ/
/d/ + /j/ > /dʒ/
/s/ + /j/ > /ʃ/
/x/ + /j/ > /ʃ/
/z/ + /j/ > /ʒ/
2. Voicing assimilation of obstruents
Voiced obstruent + voiceless obstruent > voiced obstruent and voiced obstruent
Voiceless obstruent + voiced obstruent > voiceless obstruent and voiceless obstruent

---

O = obstruent

O[+voice] + O[-voice] > O[+voice]O[+voice]
O[-voice] + O[+voice] > O[-voice]O[-voice]

Nouns
Nouns inflect per case and number.
The case inflections follow the number inflections.

Number
There are two numbers: singular and plural.
The singular is unmarked.
The plural is formed by reduplication of the rhyme(nucleus and coda) of the last syllable of a noun.


Case
There are 3 cases in Rètoran: nominative, accusative and dative.
As Rètoran is a nominative-accusative language, nominative is used for subjects and accusative for direct objects.
The dative is used for recipients.
The cases are marked by suffixing, not counting accusative which is unmarked.
There are 3 declensions for cases.

The -C and -a declension
Nouns that end in consonant or in /a/ are declensed per this declension.

The -e and-i declension
Nouns that end in /e/ or in /i/ are declensed per this declension.

The -è, -à, o and -u declension
Nouns that end in /ə/, /ɚ/, /o/ or in /u/ are declensed per this declension.

Verbs
The verbs are inflected per voice and mood. The voice and mood inflections have fused.
Past and future tenses are expressed using auxiliary verbs that agree with the main verb in voice and mood. The present tense is unmarked.
The auxiliary verb for past is jà and the auxiliary verb for future is der.
The auxiliary verbs precede the main verbs.
The conditional mood is used as subjunctive and optative.

The voice and mood inflection

Adjectives
Adjectives agree in case and number to the noun they describe.
The accusative is always marked.
Case and number inflections have fused.

Case and number
There is only one declension of adjectives.

Adverbs
Adjectives agree in voice and mood to the verb they describe.
Voice and mood inflections have fused.

Pronouns
There are personal, possessive and correlative pronouns.
Personal pronouns in accusative

The forms of personal pronouns for nominative and dative case are formed by suffix -à for nominative and suffix -i for dative.
Possessive pronouns

The forms of possessive pronouns for nominative and dative case are formed by suffix -e for nominative and suffix -oy for dative.
Correlatives

The forms of correlative pronouns for nominative and dative case are formed by suffix -is for nominative and suffix -u for dative.

Syntax
The word order is SVO in transitive clauses, SOV in transitive clauses when the direct object is a pronoun.
Joà bidarurài cah.
jo-à bidaru-rài cah
1SG-NOM see-IND.ACT tree[SG][ACC]
I see a tree.

Joà hi bidarurài.
jo-à hi bidaru-rài
1SG-NOM 2SG[ACC] see-IND.ACT
I see thee.

The word order is SVOR in ditransitive clauses, SOVR in ditransitive clauses when the direct object is a pronoun.
R stands for recipient.

Joà ciburài miaêr cah.
jo-à cibu-rài miaè-èr cah
1SG-NOM give-IND.ACT cat[SG]-DAT tree[SG][ACC]
I give the cat a tree.

Joà cah ciburài hí.
jo-à cah cibu-rài hi-i
1SG-NOM tree[ACC] give-IND.ACT 2SG-DAT
I give thee a tree.

The word order is SV in intransitive active clauses, but the word order is VS in passive clauses.

Joà retrài.
jo-à ret-rài
1SG-NOM be-IND.ACT
I am.

Cibuaju joà.
cibu-aju jo-à
give-IND.PASS 1SG-NOM
I was given.

Adverbs, adverbials and adverbial clauses follow the verb, but they precede the object(s).

Joà gocorài caleuxad Inlix.
jo-à goco-rài caleu-xad Inlix
1SG-NOM speak-IND.ACT fluent-IND.ACT English[SG][ACC]
I speak English fluently.

The adverbial clauses can be put before the main clause.

Caseb matejro jàrài retrài, joà jàrài hahanrài.
caseb matej-ro jà-rài ret-rài jo-à jà-rài hahan-rài
CONJ night[SG]-NOM PAST-IND.ACT be-IND.ACT 1SG-NOM PAST-IND.ACT sleep-IND.ACT
When it was night, I was sleeping.

Adverbial clauses of time are formed using the conjunctions caseb and doc caseb.
Adverbial clauses of purpose are formed using the conjunctions da totu.
Adverbial clauses of reason and result are formed using the conjunction totu.
Adverbial clauses of manner are formed using the conjunction cotu.
Adverbial clauses of place are formed using the conjunction cèye.
Concessive adverbial clauses are formed using the conjunction ià.
Result adverbial clauses are formed using the conjunction pè.

Noun clauses are formed using the conjunction tètar when a noun clause functions as subject or predicate nominative, the conjunction tèta when a noun clause functions as direct object, the conjunction tèti when a noun clause functions as indirect object or object of a preposition and the conjunction cot when a noun clause functions as appositive.

Relative clauses are formed using the conjunction cot.

Example sentences
Deis tètais dxutáro jàaju rodáju patic í yena garos parov í txádád.
de-is tèta-is dxuta~a-ro jà-aju roda-aju patic í yena garos parov í txád~ád
all-NOM all-NOM human.being~PL-NOM PAST-IND.PASS bear-IND.PASS free and equal regarding dignity and right~PL[ACC]
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Tunà adobrài sí tajus í iznam í tunà atèrrâvi param xad na cot rèta ri hohuh odà batísse.
tun-à adob-rài sí tajus í iznam í tun-à atèr-râvi param xad na cot rèta ri hohuh odà batísse
3PL-NOM be.endowed-IND.ACT with reason and conscience and 3PL-NOM act-COND.ACT towards one another another another in spirit GEN brotherhood.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Joà jetrài miaè.
jo-à jet-rài miaè
1SG-NOM eat-IND.ACT kitten[SG][ACC]
I eat kittens.

Words
bidaru - to see
cah - tree
cibu - to give
miaè - cat, kitten
ret - to be
goco - to speak
Inlix - English
caleu - fluently
matej - night
hahan - to sleep
dxuta - human being
to bear - roda
patic - free
í - and
yena - equal
garos - regarding (adverb)
txád - right
parov - dignity
jet - to eat
adob - to be endowed
sí - with; instrumental-comitative
tajus - reason
iznam - conscience
atèr - to act
param - towards
ri - in; inessive case
xat - one
hohuh - spirit, ghost
odà - of; genitive case
batís - brother
batísse - brotherhood

---

Finished.

Pẽya

Phonology
Consonants:
/p t c k ʔ/ <b d j g ’>
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ/ <p t ch k>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
/β l j/ <w l y>
/s h/ <s h>

Vowels:
/i e a o u ɨ ɜ/ - <i e a o u é á>
/ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ ɨ̃ ɜ̃/ - <ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ ê â>

Syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C). Initial consonant clusters are limited to (N)(S) where (N) is a nasal and S is a plosive of the same POA. Final consonants allowed are /β, n/, and /β/ is written <p> in this situation. Clusters are not allowed intervocally. Nasalization is contrastive in all positions, and after oral vowel, nasal consonants are pronounced as their corresponding voiced plosives with nasal release; i.e. /an/ > [adn]. Additionally, unaspirated plosives are voiced intervocally. Stress is always on the first syllable of a word, and monosyllabic nouns and verbs are always stressed.

Minimal pairs:
bê /ˈpɨ̃/ vs. pê /ˈpʰɨ̃/
dán /ˈtɜn/ vs. tán /ˈtʰɜn/
já /ˈcɜ/ vs. chá /ˈcʰɜ/
abé /ˈʔapɨ/ vs. apé /ˈʔapʰɨ/
hédo /ˈhɨto/ vs. héto /ˈhɨtʰo/
néja /ˈnɨca/ vs. nécha /ˈnɨcʰa/
miga /ˈmika/ vs. mika /ˈmikʰa/
mba /ˈmpa/ vs. mpa /ˈmpʰa/
ndẽ /ˈntẽ/ vs. ntẽ /ˈntʰẽ/
gõ /ˈkõ/ vs. kõ /ˈkʰõ/

Morphology
Nouns:
Pẽya has two cases, ergative and absolutive. Ergative nouns are the agents of transitive clauses, and absolutive nouns are everything else, including nouns in prepositional phrases. The ergative case is usually marked with -né, or -n on some CV roots.
Grammatical number is not marked, but there is a separate root for the first person plural *inclusive* pronoun. The exclusive first person plural is the same as the first person singular. The rest of the personal pronouns operate normally; i.e. 3S and 3P are the same, and 2S and 2P are the same. Therefore, the pronoun system of Pẽya is as follows:
bê - 1S/1P.EXCL
sãp - 1P.INCL
já - 2S/2P
ũ - 3S/3P

Verbs:
Verbs in Pẽya are largely uninflected, except for a few aspects, which are all inflected by use of suffixes. Iterative mood is marked with reduplication of the verb root, in the form CV~Ca, i.e. for the hypothetical root /mɜ/, the iterative form would be /mɜma/. When this occurs with roots that begin with an aspirated stop, the second syllable's initial consonant is not aspirated, but the difference in pronunciation is not normally indicated in the orthography. Other moods are perfective, inceptive (beginning of an action or state), and continuous. Continuous aspect is unmarked.

Particles:
Particles can be distinguished into two categories: quantifiers, and verbal modifiers. Quantifiers always appear after nouns, and take the role of numbers and things like many, few, etc. Verbal modifiers include the tense particle that marks past tense (distinguished only with non-past) and measures of degree (e.g. very, slightly) and markers of modality.

Syntax
Pẽya word order is consistently SOV. It is prepositional, and adverbs and quantifiers come after their respective verbs or nouns.

Bên mika dán apéya gõ néja.
1S.ERG rock behind crouch.PERF=PST quick
I quickly hid behind the rock.

Examples

Pẽ’a lo payagá wá nahõ tâ kâwu wá nécha ndẽ.
human all free CONJ equal GEN dignity CONJ right bear
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Ũ dáné wá sela pêya wá ũ da’e miga êp hesu tâ chĩmé abé õn.
3rd.pers reason CONJ conscience give.PERF CONJ 3rd.pers LOC each.other INS spirit GEN brotherhood act=should
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

I'm done, I guess.

Warning: There are no numbers in this speedlang. There is, however, a "Welcome to Conlangery.com" here.

Name: Khosamï Mi Zu
Aspirated Stops: ph~bh th~dh kh~gh
Unaspirated Stop: q
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Fricatives: s~z x~γ <x~v>
Semi-Vowels: w y
Vowels: i~ı <i~ï> u~ɔ <u~o> ə~a <e~a>
(taken with slight modification from the chart in the chapter on Hindi&Urdu in Bernard Comrie's The world's major languages)

Words: C(semi)V(CV)(CV)
cleave, cut, sharp = nwama
good = wena
persons = khosi
spices = phanum

Suffixes:
action to engage in, to do = -ï
...to spice _, to add spices = phanumï

Ex-suffixes, Colors, Numbers: (V)CV
red = aŋo
...to red = aŋï
to go away from, to take away from = ame
to go parallel do, keeping pace with = ethe

Mutation:
[ph, th, kh, s, x] mutate to [bh, dh, gh, z, v]
good person = wenaghosi
...act like good people: wenaghosï
red spices = aŋobhanum
spiceworker = Phanumïghosi

Reduplication denotes: Alienable possession, relation/LOC.
(LOC)near people = Khosisi
give birth = nwawama
a kept person, servant, slave, pet, indebted = Khososi
welcome, grant entry, grant passage = wewena
...welcoming = wewenaï

Inalienable possession: _eCi_...where "eC" is the earlier consonant.
arm = dheq
my arm = dhedheq
my own arm = dheq qi

Singular: _mu_
Dual: _qo_
Plural: _vo_
All: _zu_

Khosamï Mi Zu is a monotransitive human language spoken by the allied tribes southeast of the mountains of Walu-Zh' and west of the Gahh'uh' Nh lake. Their religious beliefs contain elements of monotheism (notably that a Single God made everything) while day-to-day and year-to-year matters are dealt with in a matter more akin to animists. While the Khosamï Mi Zu have accepted that their neighboring tribes and other people are just as human as they are, the formal language has not caught up yet to this (in informal speech, Khosamï Mi Zu will not use words like Khosisi anymore to refer to non-Khosamï Mi Zu).

Phrases et al:
ame Phanumïghosi = to go away from the spiceworker.
Khonaŋaï.khom wewenaï = "Welcome to Conlangery.com"
dhedheq mu ame khososi = my arm (taken) from the slave.
ethe Phanumïghosi sithï = to go parallel to the burning spiceworker.

Zu (Khosamï Mi Zu) . nwawamaï-khosa zu.
all (people) . is born-person all.
All people are born (as) people.

Zu (Khosisi) . nwawamaï-khosa zu.
all (near people) . is born-person all.
All 'people' are born (as) people.

Zu (Khosamï Mi Zu) . dheq . xisï-khosa zu.
all (people) . arm . {active}to do-person all.
All people are handled as people.

Zu (Khosisi) . dheq . xisï-khosa zu.
all (near people) . arm . {active modifier}to do-person all.
All 'people' are handled as people.

Zu (Khosamï Mi Zu) . wenaghatï . zu.
all (people) . good thinking . all.
All people think well.

Zu (Khosisi) . wenaghosï . zu.
all (near people) . think well . all.
All 'people' think well.

Zu (Khosamï Mi Zu) . wenaghosï . zu.
all (people) . act like good people . all.
All people act well/do good.

Zu (Khosisi) . wenaghosï . zu.
all (near people) . act like good people . all.
All 'people' act well/do good.

Wenaghosi . zu . zu . wenaghosï . zu.
Good people . all . all . act good people . all.
Good people are good to good people.
(this is as close as Khosamï Mi Zu comes to being ditransitive)

Erm, why not to just get rid of the ‹h›?

_________________
(native)
(learning)

--
Języki sztuczne i lingwistyka, po polsku.

both:
1. for flavor.
2. Comrie put them there.

For transcribing what language? Do they contrast with any non-aspirated sound? If not, the h's are quite unnecessary.

_________________
constructedlanguages.net

Just a reminder, the challenge ends at 8:00 UTC 00.tomorrow, 7th of July, so it's about time to finish up your speedlang if you still havent.

Hindi and Urdu.



ah, I was under the impression that [kh] denoted a separate sound than [k]...my misunderstanding then, apology.

but I still like the way it makes my speedlang look.

Square brackets are used for phonetic transcriptions - usually in IPA or some other system for phonetic transcription of words. If different symbols are used, then they surely represent different sound. Assuming you are using k and h with their IPA-values, [kh] would denote a cluster of a k plus a h (which would be quite similar to an aspirated k), while [k] would denote a simple (unaspirated) k.

However, if k and kh represent your orthographic rendering of the sounds, they should preferably be in angle brackets: <k> and <kh>.

When it comes to orthography, different principles may collide. If the aspirated plosives do not contrast with any non-aspirated ones, the simplest way would be to use the regular letters - <p, t, k> - to denote those aspirated plosives. (They are used for aspirated plosives in many languages.) However, one could think of a situation where you wanted to teach your language to an audience who spoke a language where the letters <p t k> always represented unaspirated plosives. In that case, writing aspirated plosives as <ph th kh> could remind the students of the correct pronunciation.

_________________
constructedlanguages.net

*nods* there was one row for aspirated, and a second for unaspirated. in my speedlang, I even say its aspirated.



Point taken, and appreciated.

In the book, the kh was in a phoneme chart with ɪ γ ŋ...which I've seen in IPA charts. so, based on that, I assumed that everything in the inventory with those three, was also IPA.

To go about half an hour.
Everything got each speedlang, except for Khosamï Mi Zu, minimal pairs doesn't have which.

edit: up is time! for more information the first post see.

very well.

as a note for next time, though - if minimal pairs are required, please do not bury that fact in with all the optional features, but put it in the section What your conlang has to have.

you run a very fun speedlang challenge; thank you for it.