Öųzyk ǵörysk/Dirian language

[Heinrich von Preußen]

Öųzyk ǵörysk [œ̌w̃ˈzík ɟœ̌ˈrísk], dirian language (from PS* dira, «hole» ) - my West Slavic language spoken in the conworld of Zapadka between Elba River and Wesser River. This language stands from other West Slavic language, because of more analytic grammar (like in Bulgarian language or Macedonian language) and a tones (like in Slovincian language).

Vowel changes from Proto-Slavic:

• denasalization : ę > eŭ, ǫ > oŭ
• ě > í
• the disappearance and vocalization of yers like in Polabian language, the compensatory lengthening
• new vowels;
• extralong: ī
• long: í, é, á, ó, ý, ú,
• short: i, e, a, o, y, u, ǒ (< ъ), ǎ (< ь), l, l´, r, r´
• the change of ó > ú
• the sound changes during appearance of new yers:
• • ī > í (and next ´ai)
  • í, é, á, ý, ú > i, e, a, y, u
  • i, e, ´u > ь
  • a, o > ъ
  • u, ǒ, y > ъ²
  • ´a, ǎ > ь²
• the change of y > i, without palatalization of the constant
• the new disappearance and vocalization of yers, the compensatory lengthening:
  • i, e, a, u > í, é, á, ú
  • ь > ö
  • ъ > ä
  • ь² > ǎ
  • ъ² > ë
• the change of l, r; l´, r´ > ë, vë; ö, jö

Tones:
In view of appearance of new yers :

• vowels i, e, a, u have got mid tone when they was in unstressed syllable; in stressed syllable – high tone;
• vowels ь, ъ, ь², ъ² have got high tone in stressed syllable;
• vowels ь, ъ, ь², ъ² have got rising tone before the vowels i, e, a, u or stressed syllable
• vowels ь, ъ, ь², ъ² have got falling tone after the vowels i, e, a, u and after stressed syllable

Next, on account of new disappearance and the vocalization of yers:

• vowels í, é, á, ú, ö, ä, ǎ, ë standing before a syllable with stressed yer after its disappearance have received the rising tone; this vowels standing before syllable with unstressed yer have received the falling tone.
• Two syllable with falling or rising tone can't stand in one word, so second of this tones have been changed in mid tone.

Nasalization
In the end of the closed syllable constants *m *n > į/ų (first before the soft constants, second before the hard constants and in the end of the world).

Constants

• PS *l *v in closed syllable before the hard constants > ŭ; before soft constants: > j
  fourth palatalization
• soft k, t; g, d > ḱ; ǵ (pronounce like Czech ť, ď )
• g in the end of the closed syllable > v, in rest of positions > ɣ
• NC > CN (sjai, but jös)
• m´, nj > mn´, jn´
• tj, dj > jč, jdž (světja, medja) > sjíjč, m ň ödž)
• p´, b´> pl', bl'
• depalatalization of c, Ʒ, š, ž č, ǯ

Alphabet:
A a - [a]
Á á - [aː]
Ă ă - [ʲæ]
Ä ä - [ɒ]
B b -
C c - [t͡s]
Ċ ċ - [t͡ʂ]
D d - [d]
Ḋ ḋ - [d͡ʐ]
Ď ď - [d͡z]
E e - [ɛ]
É é - [ɛː]
Ë ë - [ə]
G g - [ɣ]
Ǵ ǵ - [ɟ]
Ğ ğ - [g]
H h - [x]
Ḣ ḣ - [ɦ]~[ʔ]
I i - [ʲi]
Í í - [ʲiː]
J j - [j]
į - [ɥ̃]
K k - [k]
Ḱ ḱ - [c]
L l - [l]
M m - [m]
N n - [n]
Ň ň - [ɲ]
O o - [ɔ]
Ö ö - [ʲœ]
P p - [p]
R r - [ʁ]
S s -
Ṡ ṡ (ẛ) - [ʂ]
T t - [t]
U u -
Ú ú - [u͡ʊ]
Ŭ ŭ - [w]
ų - [w̃]
V v - [v]
Y y -
Z z - [z]
Ż ż - [ʐ]

[hr][/hr]
After yours comment I'm goind to write post with grammar of this language (and often etymology of endings) and describe alternation.

What do you think about this language?

[Omzinesý]

Y y -

Isn't it normally a central high vowel in Slavonic languages? Now it is front, why?




I would rather mark palatalization with <â> than <ä>. That's what some scientific translitterations of Russian do.

[Thrice Xandvii]

Before looking it up, I had no clue what a "yers" might be. I dunno if it is safe to assume that folks will be familiar with a given language family's term for something. Then again, maybe it is common knowledge and I just didn't know.

[nmn]

Some of the changes aren't very clear to me. Where did you get resources of Proto-Slavic on which to base your conlang? Also, what's that thing with the Slavic conlangs lately?

[TowarzyszMauzer]

I would rather mark palatalization with <â> than <ä>. That's what some scientific translitterations of Russian do.

As I get the idea of the language clear, it can be due to its geographical placement, that is just on the border of the Slavdom and Germania. If it's so, it gets me convinced.

You see, Henryk, it won't be so easy here :D.

[Heinrich von Preußen]

Y y -

Isn't it normally a central high vowel in Slavonic languages? Now it is front, why?

Yes, it's normally a central high vowel, but no in all languages. This change has become in Czech language to. It come from the change of y > i, without palatalization of previous constant, what I have written in the vowel changes in the first post.

I would rather mark palatalization with <â> than <ä>. That's what some scientific translitterations of Russian do.

In my opinion transliterration of Russian is one of the ugliest translitterations. Maybe one day I'll show you my Cyrrilic alphabet for English, an translitteration for this Cyrrilic alphabet. And, what is important, in Dirian language «ä» doesn't mark palatalization. :P

Before looking it up, I had no clue what a "yers" might be. I dunno if it is safe to assume that folks will be familiar with a given language family's term for something. Then again, maybe it is common knowledge and I just didn't know.

Maybe you don't know, but linguistic terms aren't familiar for folks... This forum is a forum about a conlangs, and conlangs are based on linguistics. So, maybe would you read about Slavic languages if you wanted to comment on topic about a slavlang? :P Learning new things isn't painful, really :P

Some of the changes aren't very clear to me. Where did you get resources of Proto-Slavic on which to base your conlang? Also, what's that thing with the Slavic conlangs lately?

All of the changes are certified. There are a lot of the changes similar to the changes in Czech, Sorbian, or other languages, and some of the changes are main, but I think they are probable.

I would rather mark palatalization with <â> than <ä>. That's what some scientific translitterations of Russian do.

As I get the idea of the language clear, it can be due to its geographical placement, that is just on the border of the Slavdom and Germania. If it's so, it gets me convinced.

This is more than only border of the Slavdom and Germania in this conworld. I'm going to write something more about this latter.

You see, Henryk, it won't be so easy here :D.

No widzę, widzę. Ale jakoś z tego powodu się nie martwię. Mogę tu robić konlangi, bez fochów Felesa czy innech użytkowników. I téż widzę, tutaj się nie wyznają na slawistyce... na conlangerze to każdy został tém już dawno zarażony. Chyba napiszę jakiś temat o prasłowianskiém. No i codzienne użytkowanie anglijskiego przyda się mnie na przyszłość, matura przede mnoję.
(This message is written for Towrzysz Mauzer, no for all :p )

[Thrice Xandvii]

Maybe you don't know, but linguistic terms aren't familiar for folks... This forum is a forum about a conlangs, and conlangs are based on linguistics. So, maybe would you read about Slavic languages if you wanted to comment on topic about a slavlang? :P Learning new things isn't painful, really :P

... I was just pointing out that you could perhaps reach a wider audience with just a little further explanation here and there. I know that I don't know much about Slavic languages, but also, I had no way of knowing that you intended to only be writing toward a specific audience.

Also, I can do without the condescension, thanks.

[TowarzyszMauzer]

. Mogę tu robić konlangi, bez fochów Felesa czy innech użytkowników. I téż widzę, tutaj się nie wyznają na slawistyce... (...) Chyba napiszę jakiś temat o prasłowianskiém. No i codzienne użytkowanie anglijskiego przyda się mnie na przyszłość, matura przede mnoję.
(This message is written for Towrzysz Mauzer, no for all :p )

I mi coraz bardziej pl.conlanger daje w kość, więc nic to, trza podłapać tutejszy mikroklimat. Ale może lepiej nie piszmy tu po naszemu, because they may not understand us, feel insulted or whatever ;)

This is more than only border of the Slavdom and Germania in this conworld. I'm going to write something more about this latter.

So is it that conworld which you've deleted the Germans in? :D

I was just pointing out that you could perhaps reach a wider audience with just a little further explanation here and there. I know that I don't know much about Slavic languages, but also, I had no way of knowing that you intended to only be writing toward a specific audience.

I suppose it's only because both I and Henryk are used to the Polish conlanging board, where the knowledge of the elements of Slavic diachrony was a part of a standard "conlanger equipment". Our tiny cultural shock of not being the navel of the world ;). However, as Henryk told me, he intends to write a kind of beginner guide to Proto-Slavic and descendants, so I hope that in the nearest future we all will be able to get to know the matters easily, without reffering to loads of not-really-convenient specialist publications. (And I would benefit myself, because I plan to publish a Slavic althistorical-conlanging project - but maybe not as a debut, not to make the audience puke of slavlangs :D).

[Thrice Xandvii]

I suppose it's only because both I and Henryk are used to the Polish conlanging board, where the knowledge of the elements of Slavic diachrony was a part of a standard "conlanger equipment". Our tiny cultural shock of not being the navel of the world ;). However, as Henryk told me, he intends to write a kind of beginner guide to Proto-Slavic and descendants, so I hope that in the nearest future we all will be able to get to know the matters easily, without reffering to loads of not-really-convenient specialist publications. (And I would benefit myself, because I plan to publish a Slavic althistorical-conlanging project - but maybe not as a debut, not to make the audience puke of slavlangs :D).

Thanks much for that explanation! It really clears up a lot. I look forward to seeing the "beginner's guide," sounds like a convenient document for such as myself.

[Creyeditor]

I would really appreciate such a language in the area where I live (If I got the rivers right).

[nmn]

I suppose it's only because both I and Henryk are used to the Polish conlanging board, where the knowledge of the elements of Slavic diachrony was a part of a standard "conlanger equipment". Our tiny cultural shock of not being the navel of the world ;). However, as Henryk told me, he intends to write a kind of beginner guide to Proto-Slavic and descendants, so I hope that in the nearest future we all will be able to get to know the matters easily, without reffering to loads of not-really-convenient specialist publications. (And I would benefit myself, because I plan to publish a Slavic althistorical-conlanging project - but maybe not as a debut, not to make the audience puke of slavlangs :D).

And where do you both get your knowledge about Proto-Slavic from?

[TowarzyszMauzer]

And where do you both get your knowledge about Proto-Slavic from?

Well, when it's necessary to have a sure check, there's a Derksens' Proto Slavic Dictionary - really a wonderful book, reconstruing even the tone and paradigm of the accent (one can probably find it in the depths of the Internet, yet it's quite legally dubious); then comes ESSJa, Russian Этимологический словарь славянских языков, which unfortunately gives no accentual clues, but it's so exhaustive that it's hard to imagine. And then goes the main tool, namely, pure intuition, for Slavic phonetical changes are quite regular and, knowing some Proto-Slavic forms, one can guess the others from the forms in descendant languages. Speaking about the grammar, the easiest finds are Old Church Slavonic textbooks. Surely OCS != PSl, yet the two are so close that, with a bit of precaution, a conlanger can easily use it as a source of his knowledge. Here comes an exemplary set of OCS grammar tables.