Áyarikana Ínyaukahi!

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Áyarikana Ínyaukahi!

Post by Ossicone »

New Inyauk lessons are here.

These lessons are now out-dated.

Why should I learn Inyauk?
Inyauk is the language belong to the Inyauk people. It is a fairly easy to learn agglutinating language, and if you ever meet an Inyauk knowing some of their language may stop them from killing you.

The Sounds of Inyauk:
If you speak English, then speaking Inyauk with be a snap! All* of the sounds of Inyauk are in English and the syllable structure is much simpler.

Consonants:

Code: Select all

/p b t d k g ʔ m n ɲ  f θ s ʃ x ʧ  ʦ  l ɾ w j/
<p b t d k g - m n ny f z s x h tx ts l r w j>
Vowels:

Code: Select all

/a i u/
<a i u>
Vowels can be geminated.
Also there are two diphthongs.

Code: Select all

/a͡u a͡i/
<au ai>
The Nouns of Inyauk:
Since it is an agglutinating language much of its grammar focuses on root words and the affixes which attach to them. The first step to learning Inyauk is learning the noun affixes.

Number: There are three number distinctions in Inyauk - singular, dual and plural. The singular is formed by leaving the root word unchanged. The dual is formed by infixing -ni- before the last consonant of the root. And the plural if formed by infixing -u- before the last consonant of the root.

For example, the root word for 'person' is 'ínyak.' Two people are 'ínyanik' and three or more people are 'ínyauk.'
Example:
ínyak --> ínya-ni-k
ínyak --> ínya<u>k


Practice: Please provide the dual and plural forms of the following nouns.

cat - náka
child - bát
green- íhda (It's a noun, I swear!)
friend - míraan
fruit - áak
Spoiler:
náka --> ná<ni>ka --> nánika
náka --> ná<u>ka --> náuka*
bát --> bá<ni>t --> bánit
bát --> bá<u>t --> báut*
íhda --> íh<ni>da --> íhnida
íhda --> íh<u>da --> íhuda
míraan --> míraa<ni>n --> míraanin
míraan --> míraa<u>n --> míraaun
áak --> áa<ni>k --> áanik*
áak --> áa<u>k --> áauk*
If you got the following forms listed above then good job! However, you will notice that some of the words have *'s next them. This means that while your work was correct, there is still more to be done.

Glottal Stop Insertion:
Inyauk has a regular stress pattern where the first vowel of the root is always stressed. I indicate this with an accent over the vowel. Stressed vowels must be isolated; they cannot be part of a diphthong or long vowel. In order to maintain this isolation a glottal stop is insert between the stressed vowel and any adjacent vowels.
Example:
náuka --> ná-uka

Practice: Complete the glottal stop insertion for the following words.

báut
áanik
áauk

Spoiler:
bá-ut
á-anik
á-auk
Last edited by Ossicone on 22 May 2011 19:42, edited 4 times in total.
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

Whoo! Good to see that this is up :3
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

Micamo wrote:Whoo! Good to see that this is up :3
I had work nonstop this weekend. :(
But I'm working on it!
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

Hey, I thought it'd take you a lot longer than it did. And basically every other thread here is dead so you're already doing an awesome job.
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

The Nouns: Part II

Pronouns: Inyauk has 12 different pronouns. There a four persons and 3 numbers.

Code: Select all

       sg   |  dl   |  pl   |
1st  |  ʧí  |  ʧín  |  ʧú  |
2nd  |  fí  |  fín  |  fú  |
3rd  |  ní  |  nín  |  nú  |
4th  |  θí  |  θín  |  θú  |
Notice that there is a regular pattern as to how pronouns are formed.

1st Person: ʧ-
2nd Person: f-
3rd Person: n-
4th Person: θ-
Singular: -i
Dual: -in
Plural: -u

The Adjectizer! One of the most interesting/contentious feature of Inyauk is the adjectizer. Inyauk does not have adjectives (as a grammatical category). In order to describe things in Inyauk, you need to use the adjectizer.

The adjectizer -na- is an affix added directly after the root. However, it can never be used alone! It must always be followed by another root. So form is root-na-modifier, like Spanish the word being described comes first.

Example: nákanainyar
náka-na-íɲar
cat-ADJ-brown
'brown cat'

Practice: Please translate the following sequences.

green cat
fat cat
cat fat
brown horse
short person

green-íxda
cat-náka
fat-bíluun
horse-íina
brown-íɲar
short-pírin
person-íɲak
Spoiler:
nákanaixda
nákanabiluun
bíluunnanaka*
íʔinanaiɲar
íɲaknapirin
Did you forms match those above? If so, good work! If not, let me know so can help. You may also notice that one of the words has that * again. This because there is still work to be done on this form.

Nasal Assimilation: Consonants in Inyauk cannot be geminated. Nasal sounds /m/,/n/&/ɲ/ will change if placed next to another nasal sound. The second nasal will take the same form as the first nasal.

Example:
mn --> mm
nm --> nn

This still leaves us with the original problem of a geminated /n/. So a process called vowel lengthening must take place.

Vowel Lengthening: When a geminated consonant occurs the second consonant will become the same as the following vowel. In effect, the length is transfered from the consonant to the vowel. Note: this will occur for all geminated consonants, not just nasals.

Example: 'bíluunaanaka'
bíluun-na-naka --> bíluunnanaka --> bíluunaanaka

Practice: Please provide the correct forms for the following sequences.

short friend
red shoes
old friend

short-pírin
shoe-íʦiim
red-íruk
friend-míraan
old-gáilin
Spoiler:
míraanaapirin
íʦiinimaairuk (because shoes come in pairs :D)
míraanaagailin
Last edited by Ossicone on 25 Oct 2010 22:22, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Chelsara »

This is great! The language seems somewhat straightforward, as well. I even got most of the practices right! Thanks, and keep it up!
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

Chelsara wrote:This is great! The language seems somewhat straightforward, as well. I even got most of the practices right! Thanks, and keep it up!
:-D :-D :-D :-D :-D :-D :-D :-D :-D :-D
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

By old friend do you happen to mean "friend I have who happens to be an old person" or "friend I've had for a really long time?" English uses the same idiom for both; Does Inyauk do this as well?
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

Micamo wrote:By old friend do you happen to mean "friend I have who happens to be an old person" or "friend I've had for a really long time?" English uses the same idiom for both; Does Inyauk do this as well?
It does not. It is a friend who is elderly.
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

Ossicone wrote:
Micamo wrote:By old friend do you happen to mean "friend I have who happens to be an old person" or "friend I've had for a really long time?" English uses the same idiom for both; Does Inyauk do this as well?
It does not. It is a friend who is elderly.
Alright, so how would Inyauk express "friend I've had for a long time" then?

By the way, what's your sig mean? All I can tease out is itxpápatxaya means "my heart-something" (-aya?), and txím is probably 1sg-FEM.
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

The Nouns: Part III

Article: In order to specify which noun you mean when speaking you can use an article. There are both definite and indefinite articles in Inyauk. The definite article i- and the indefinite article nax- are prefixes and attach to the root.

Examples:
ináka
i-náka
DEF-cat
'the cat'

inákanaiɲar
i-náka-na-iɲar
DEF-cat-ADJ-brown
'the brown cat'

naxnáka
nax-náka
IDF-cat
'a cat'

naxnákanabiluun
nax-náka-na-biluun
IDF-cat-ADJ-fat
'a fat cat'

Practice: Please translate the following.
Note: 'some' here is a plural indefinite article.

child-bát
person-íɲak
horse-íina
tree-áxdar

the child
some children
the person
some people
a horse
the two trees
Spoiler:
ibát
naxbáʔut
iʔíɲak
naxíɲauk
naxíʔina
iʔáxdanir
Did you get the practice right? Did you remember to isolate the stressed vowel?

Demonstratives: In addition to the articles there are three demonstrative affixes in Inyauk. There is the proximal prefix l-, the medial prefix ɲu-, and the distal prefix apja-. They are used in the same way as the articles. However, demonstrative and articles cannot be used together (because that would be weird O_o).

Examples:
líɲak
l-íɲak
PRX-person
'this person'

ɲuʔíɲak
ɲu-íɲak
MED-person
'that person (next to you)'

apjaʔíɲak
apja-íɲak
DSL-person
'that person (over there)'

Practice: Please translate the following.

green-íxda
brown-íɲar
red-íruk
tree-áxdar
turtle-láfaur

this green tree
that brown tree
that far away red tree
this turtle
these cats
those fat cats
those far away green turtles
Spoiler:
láxdarnaixda
ɲuʔáxdarnaiɲar
apjaʔáxdarnairuk
laʔáfaur*
lnáʔuka*
ɲunáʔukanabiluun
apjaláfauurnaixda
Those were some tricky translations, did you get 'this turtle' right? It was a bit tricky, you had to remember the rule for geminated consonants.

Here's the process step by step:
l-láfaur --> lláfaur --> laáfaur --> laʔáfaur

You may also have noticed the strange form of 'lnáʔuka.' Here once again there is more work to be done, however none of the processes you've learned so far work here. Since the cluster 'ln' does not assimilate or form a geminate another process must be used.

Vowel Insertion: Vowels will only be inserted between consonant clusters at the beginnings of words that cannot undergo assimilation or are not geminates. It is a last resort. When it does occur a vowel in a word is inserted between the offending consonants. The quality of this vowel is the same as nearest vowel in the word, this does not include stress.

lnáka --> lanáka
Last edited by Ossicone on 25 Oct 2010 22:34, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

I take it you're copy/pasting from our PMs because you've switched back to IPA again :/

Also when I saw "Some cats" I wasn't thinking of "some" as a plural version of the indefinite article, but more like a paucal or partitive plural. You may want to make this more clear next time, and by the way how does Inyauk express those two numbers?
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

Micamo wrote:I take it you're copy/pasting from our PMs because you've switched back to IPA again :/

Also when I saw "Some cats" I wasn't thinking of "some" as a plural version of the indefinite article, but more like a paucal or partitive plural. You may want to make this more clear next time, and by the way how does Inyauk express those two numbers?
I'm actually not. It's just that I'm so used to writing Inyauk in IPA that I mess up the romanization. :( So I decided it would better to use the IPA and be consistent, than to use the romanization and make a lot of mistakes. I, however, do not mind which one you use.

I figured the 'some' here, was a bit clearer since that section only deals with articles and not number. But I'll add a not to make it clearer. As for the partitive and paucal, they will come soon enough. :D (Bwhahahahahahaha!)
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ainuke »

I'm sorry this is a bit...random,

But is your word for cat borrowed slightly from Japanese? x3
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

Ainuke wrote:I'm sorry this is a bit...random,

But is your word for cat borrowed slightly from Japanese? x3
Neko <-> Naka? The two consonants are the same but given that level of overlap you may as well suggest Japanese got it from PIE *NEK.
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

Ainuke wrote:I'm sorry this is a bit...random,

But is your word for cat borrowed slightly from Japanese? x3
Nope. It is taken from the Mexican slang word 'naco' meaning a lower class person. But don't be fooled, I <3 cats.
This is what happens when I watch mexican soap operas while conlanging.
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Micamo »

Ossicone wrote:Nope. It is taken from the Mexican slang word 'naco' meaning a lower class person. But don't be fooled, I <3 cats.
This is what happens when I watch mexican soap operas while conlanging.
Well there's a word that can lead to dangerous mispronunciations. "Nacos are delicious! So hot and greasy..."
My pronouns are <xe> [ziː] / <xym> [zɪm] / <xys> [zɪz]

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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ainuke »

*Will never see Nachos the same way again.*
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

The Nouns: Part IV

Possessive Determiners: Just as there are 12 pronouns there are 12 possessive determiners. They are regularly formed and used as prefixes. Important: Possessives do NOT take stress and pronouns DO take stress.

Image

Examples:
iʧnáka
iʧ-náka
1spP-cat
'my cat'

iʧnáʔuka
iʧ-náʔuka
1sgP-cat<pl>
'my cats'

Practice: Please translate the following phrases.

brown-íɲar
cat-náka
turtle-láfaur
old-gáilin
mother-áman
father-átan
friend-míraan
horse-íina
tree-áxdar

your(2sg) brown cat
your(2dl) old turtle
his friend
her mother
their(3pl) father
our(1pl) horses(pl)

iʧáxdar
niʧáxdar
uʧáxdar
ifáxdar
nifáxdar
ufáxdar
ináxdar
nináxdar
unáxdar
Spoiler:
ifnákanaiɲar
nifláfaurnagailin
iniʔíraan
ináman
unátan
uʧíʔiuna

my tree
our tree
our tree
your tree
your tree
your tree
his/her/its tree
their tree
their tree
(Yey, English ambiugity!)
How did those translations go? This was your first time going from Inyauk to English.
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Re: ¡Ínyaukaxi Maráyarik Fík!

Post by Ossicone »

The Nouns: Part V

Descriptors: Descriptors are four suffixes in Inyauk that slightly modify the root word. There is the diminutive suffix -ji is used to indicate a smaller object, the augmentative -atat is used to indicate a larger object, the feminine -im is used to indicate a feminine object, and the masculine -ut is to indicate a masculine object.

Examples:

nákaji
náka-ji
cat-DIM
'small cat'

nákaatat
náka-atat
cat-AUG
'big cat'

nákaim
náka-im
cat-FEM
'female cat'

nákaut
náka-ut
cat-MSC
'male cat'

Descriptors can be used in combination. The order in which they are place determines which is more prominent. The descriptor closest to the root is the more important.

Examples:

nákaimatat
náka-im-atat
cat-FEM-AUG
'big female cat'

nákaimatat
náka-atat-im
cat-AUG-FEM
'big female cat'

The table below shoes the order of the affixes you have learned so far. It is important to remember that specifiers (articles, determiners and possessive determiners) cannot be used together (inaxnáka). Descriptors on the other hand can be used together (nákanaiɲarjiut). The adjectizer will always come before any other descriptors though.

Image

Noun Quiz!
Please translate the following sequences.

beauty-málam
horse-íina
fat-bíluun
greek-gírik
wedding-útir
strong-úukar
bright-kíral
child-bát
black-íkup
moon-úmuk
sun-ʦál
quick-lásaan
dark-ʦúlas
foreign-íkinus
mother-áman
tall-sánat
bright-kíral
star-ʦákug
blue-íʦla
cat-náka
smart-ífas
friend-míraan
delicious-mákmar
fruit-áak
bird-álar
sheep-fáafan
brown-íɲar

a strong man
the tall woman
a little girl
this quick black horse
that cat is black
my big fat greek wedding
the dark moon
that bright sun
our friend is short
we are foreign
a bright blue star
some blue cats
those delicious fruit
they are smart
my smart friend
his fat sheep
that (far away) star
this big bird
Spoiler:
naxíɲaknauukarut
iʔíɲaknasanatim
naxbátim
líʔinanalasaanaaikup OR líʔinanaikupnalasaan
ɲunákanaikup OR apjanákanaikup
iʧútirnagiriknabiluunatat
iʔúmuknaʦulas
uʧmíraanaapirin
ʧúnaikinus
naxʦákugnaiʦlanakirtal OR naxʦákugnakirtalnaiʦla
ɲuʔáʔaknamakmar OR apjaʔáʔaknamakmar
núnaifas
iʧmíraanaaifas
apjaʦákug
lálaratat
Phew! That was a lot of work. How did you do? I know there were some tricky ones in there. The good news is you have no passed basic noun training!

I'd like to see any questions/comments before I move on.
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