Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 27 May 2014 06:04

So I was participating in the /r/conlangs spreadsheet where we render other conlangs' names in our own conlangs and I noticed something—the genitive particle in O is n before a vowel and ơ before a vowel, originally from *n. In Ngade n Tim Ar, it's just n (look at the name—"language of the Tim Ar").

Then I noticed a similarity in the Proto-O and Pre-Tim Ar plurals. In Proto-O, the plural prefix was *r (to be more specific, it was */ʁ/), which had a syllabic allophone [a] in certain circumstances. In Pre-Tim Ar, there were two plurals: A prevocalic vowel, which was kind of indeterminate but I usually conceived of as *ə, that caused metathesis of *əCV- to *əVC- and then dropped, and the plural particle ar which follows vowel-initial words.

I further noticed something else. In Tim Ar, gerunds and verbs appear the same. In O, agent nouns in the accusative are identical with the verb stems they are derived from.

The above leads me to think there's hope for unifying these languages in the same macrofamily. There's a few hurdles to overcome, however.

Phonologically speaking, here's Proto-O:
*p *t *k (with fricative allophones)
*n (with syllabic and assimilatory allophones)
*w *r (= */ʁ/) *j *h (with vocalic allophones)
*e

For comparison, here's what O developed into:
/p t k kʷ q qʷ/
/m n/
/ɾ/
/f β~w s z x xʷ χ χʷ/
/j/

/a aː ɛ ɛː e eː i iː ə əː ɨ ɨː o oː u uː/
/ae̯ ei̯ ao̯ ou̯/

Now, here's Ngade n Tim Ar:
/t k/
/m n ŋ/
/s S ɬ x h/
/ɹ l ʕ/

/à á è é ø̀ ǿ ì í ỳ ý ɤ̀ ɤ́ ò ó ɯ̀ ɯ́ ù ú/
/m̩ n̩ ŋ̍/
/ɹ̩ l̩/

As regards the Tim Ar phonology:

* The front-rounded and back-unrounded vowels are the result of vowel mergers, keeping the tone of the first vowel but the POA and roundedness of the second. These vowels "decompose" when a noun is pluralized; e.g., Cô- becomes úCe-.
* /S/ is highly dialect-dependent; in the Imperial dialect it merged with /s/ but it comes from an original *θ, which spazzed out in the various other dialects.
* /h/ is from an earlier *p, which lenited to *f and then debuccalized.
* As for the tone…I have an idea of having the proto-protolang having either an original voicing distinction in the consonants or phonation in the vowels, and having that be reflected in Tim Ar and dropped in O as the result of a merger.

Another thing is the grammar. I mentioned the plural marker earlier; in Tim Ar, if a word begins with a vowel it takes the particle ar, but it's a postposed particle, not a preposed one (their demonym is an exception but that was a conscious choice because of a pride-type deal—"our name is special", that sort of thing). Further, Tim Ar is VOS; O is SOV. How might I justify this?

Tim Ar also is heavily marked for deixis, but I might just handwave that as extensive contact with a substrate language.

I'd also have to deal with the Proto-O *e-infix, which would have been absent in Pre-Tim Ar.

Thoughts?

eldin raigmore · Post by **eldin raigmore** » 27 May 2014 07:07

Linguifex wrote:Thoughts?

It looks like it would be interesting if I understood it; but I don't.

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 06 Jun 2014 07:56

So I think I've come up with something that can work here, but it would make Tim Ar and O about as close as Lithuanian and Tocharian.

Proto-Tim Ar-O
*p *b *t *d *k *g *q *ɢ *ʔ
*m *n *ŋ (*ɴ?)
*s *z *ʃ *ʒ *h
*ɬ *ɮ
*w *ɹ *l *j *ʁ

I'm not entirely sure how to handle the vowels, but it seems like the only phonemic vowel is *e, with *w *j *ʁ having syllabic allophones [*u *i *a].

Phonetic developments on the way to Ngade n Tim Ar, the more conservative of the two:

A tone split occurs with syllable-initial voiced consonants and *ʔ giving a low tone to the following vowel.
Voiced-voiceless pairs merge to the voiceless consonant (and *h > *ʔ).
If it existed, *ɴ probably merges with *ŋ, or is just dropped.
*q > x.
*s *ʃ shift to *θ *s (so perhaps a more accurate rendering of the original consonants would be *s₁ *z₁ *s₂ *z₂).
*p > *f > h.
*ʔ then is dropped, leading to hiatus.
*w *j near a vowel gain fully vocalic surface forms.
Intervocalic consonants voice (except for /h/).
*ʁ > *ʕ.
Different outcomes of *θ [*ð] develop in different dialects.

The development into Proto-O was basically "merge all the phonemes" (hence the comparison to Tocharian):

Voiced plosives merge into their voiceless counterparts with no tone developments.
*q > *k.
Plosives affricate before *j [*i].
*ɬ *ɮ > *l, then *l > *w.
*s *z *ʃ *ʒ > *h.
*ʔ > *h as well.
Nasal assimilation happens; otherwise the nasals all merge to *n.
Intervocalic plosives lenite to voiced fricatives.
Final plosives lenite to voiceless fricatives.
*ɹ > either *ʁ or *j, not sure which I want to have happen.
*h gains a vocalic allophone [*a].

Post by **sangi39** » 06 Jun 2014 17:13

Why not:

/a ɛ e ø i y ɤ o ɯ u/

... for the vowels?

In O you could have /a ɛ e ø i y ɤ o ɯ u/ > [a ɛ e e i i ə o ɨ u] while in Ngade n Tim Ar you could have /a ɛ e ø i y ɤ o ɯ u/ > [a e e ø i y ɤ o ɯ u]. Or are the Proto-O and Pre-Tim languages set in stone?

Spoiler:

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 04 Dec 2015 12:57

Proto-O is more set in stone because it started out as a response to a challenge to have a language with only nine phonemes.

Starting with the Proto-O numbers:

*tn [tn̩] "zero"
*wr [wa] "one"
*trkh [taɣa] "two"
*jn [jn̩] "three"
*wrt [was] "four"
*tje [t͜sje] "five"
*rh [ʁa] "six"
*rhwr [ʁawa] "seven"
*rhtrkh [ʁazaɣa] "eight"
*rhjn [ahin] "nine"
*rhwrt [rawas]"ten"
*rhtje [ratsje] "eleven"
*trkhrh [taɣaʁa] "twelve"

We can work backwards to get some plausible forms for Proto-Tim Ar-O:

**tn ~ tne
**taqa ~ taqeh
**ɬa ~ ɬʁe
**in ~ jen
**lat ~ lʁet
**tɹe
**ʁa ~ ʁeh
**ʁala ~ ʁaɬeʁ
**ʁataqa ~ ʁataqeh
**ahin ~ ahjen
**ʁalat ~ ʁalʁet
**ʁatɹe
**dagaʁa

And the resultant Pre-Tim Ar forms (Tim Ar counts in base ten, the switch apparently happened after the language split off):

*tn [tn̩]
*tághéh [táɣéh]
*cé‛ [ɬéʕ]
*íen [íèn]
*lat [làt]
*tré [tɹ̩é]
*‛a [ʕà]
*‛aje‛ [ʕàɮèʕ]
*‛adágháh [ʕàdáɣáh]
*‛ahín [ʕàhín] (the *ʕà- by analogy, ordinarily one would expect *á- here)
*‛alat [ʕàlàt]

I found it interesting comparing the Pre-Tim Ar numbers with the ones in O:

/tun/ ⟨tun⟩
/wo/ ⟨wo⟩
/tɛ ~ tə/ ⟨të⟩
/jun/ ⟨yun⟩
/wos/ ⟨wos⟩
/se/ ⟨se⟩
/a/ ⟨a⟩
/awo/ ⟨awo⟩
/ɛɾɛ ~ ɛɾə/ ⟨èrë⟩
/ɛwɨn/ ⟨èwưn⟩
/awos/ ⟨awos⟩
/ase/ ⟨ase⟩
/tɛjɛ ~ təje/ ⟨tëyè⟩

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 18 Jan 2016 12:25

Another quick sketch for a daughter language. The sound changes (at least the first ones, anyway) are largely based on Athabaskan, especially Southern Athabaskan.

ʁ > h
h > Ø / ! V_V
q ɢ > x w
z > s
{ʃ,ʒ} {ɬ,ɮ} > w l
ŋ > n / #_
ʔ > j
ɹ > z / _C
ɹ > z / C_
ɹ > h
j > ɣ / _E
S > ʔ / _N
e > i / _#
Ø > a / C_N[+ syllabic]
Ch > ʔC
a > e / _(C)(C)i
V > Ø / VR_S#
z > s / _C[- voice]
z > s / C[- voice]_
a > o / _K
C > Ø / #_s
e > a / _N
ʔR > Rˀ
a > o / _(C)(C)a
V > Ø / _V#
o e > u i / #_R

**tn ~ tne > ʔan ~ nˀi
**taqa ~ taqeh > toxa ~ texi
**ɬa ~ ɬʁe > la ~ li
**in ~ jen > in ~ ɣan
**lat ~ lʁet > lat ~ let
**tɹe > si
**ʁa ~ ʁeh > a ~ i
**ʁala ~ ʁaɬeʁ > ula ~ ili
**ʁataqa ~ ʁataqeh > atoxa ~ atexi
**ahin ~ ahjen > ehin ~ oɣan
**ʁalat ~ ʁalʁet > alt
**ʁatɹe > etsi
**dagaʁa > dogo

So, a quick, somewhat comprehensive recap of numeric protoforms:

Proto-Tim Ar-O

**tn ~ tne
**taqa ~ taqeh
**ɬa ~ ɬʁe
**in ~ jen
**lat ~ lʁet
**tɹe
**ʁa ~ ʁeh
**ʁala ~ ʁaɬeʁ
**ʁataqa ~ ʁataqeh
**ahin ~ ahjen
**ʁalat ~ ʁalʁet
**ʁatɹe
**dagaʁa

Pre-Ngade n Tim Ar

*tn [tn̩]
*tághéh [táɣéh]
*cé‛ [ɬéʕ]
*íen [íèn]
*lat [làt]
*tré [tɹ̩é]
*‛a [ʕà]
*‛aje‛ [ʕàɮèʕ]
*‛adágháh [ʕàdáɣáh]
*‛ahín [ʕàhín] (the *ʕà- by analogy, ordinarily one would expect *á- here)
*‛alat [ʕàlàt]

Proto-O

*tn [tn̩]
*wr [wa]
*trkh [taɣa]
*jn [jn̩]
*wrt [was]
*tje [t͜sje]
*rh [ʁa]
*rhwr [ʁawa]
*rhtrkh [ʁazaɣa]
*rhjn [ahin]
*rhwrt [rawas]
*rhtje [ratsje]
*trkhrh [taɣaʁa]

Unnamed

*ʔan ~ nˀi
*toxa ~ texi
*la ~ li
*in ~ ɣan
*lat ~ let
*si
*a ~ i
*ula ~ ili
*atoxa ~ atexi
*ehin ~ oɣan
*alt
*etsi
*dogo

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 19 Jan 2016 04:32

I'm going to make a few tweaks to the sound changes: **ɹ will just go to *h, and glottalization will affect obstruents as well.

**tn ~ tne > ʔan ~ nˀi
**taqa ~ taqeh > toxa ~ texi
**ɬa ~ ɬʁe > la ~ li
**in ~ jen > in ~ ɣan
**lat ~ lʁet > lat ~ let
**tɹe > tʼi
**ʁa ~ ʁeh > a ~ i
**ʁala ~ ʁaɬeʁ > ula ~ ili
**ʁataqa ~ ʁataqeh > atoxa ~ atexi
**ahin ~ ahjen > ehin ~ oɣan
**ʁalat ~ ʁalʁet > alt
**ʁatɹe > etʼi
**dagaʁa > dogo

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 25 Feb 2016 12:02

Two more daughterlangs that I drew up a while ago and promptly did nothing with.

Daughterlang 1

e > i / ! %a
ʃ ʒ ɬ ɮ > x ɣ s z
m n ŋ > ũ ã ĩ / syllabic
ʁ > h
l > ʁ / _{a,ã}
l > Ø
b d g > w l ɣ / V_V
b d g > m n ŋ
ɹ > j / ! _B
ɹ > w / _B
w > g / _V
w > Ø
a > ə / _(C)(C){a,ã}
V > Ø / _#
tj dj kj gj > tʃ dʒ ç ʝ
ʁ > ɣ
s z > ʃ ʒ / _i
VH > Vː / ! _V
V > Ø / _#
V > Ø / V_
q ɢ > ʔ Ø
Ch > hC
Vh > Vː / _C

**tn ~ tne > tã
**taqa ~ taqeh > taʔ ~ taːʔ
**ɬa ~ ɬʁe > sa ~ shi
**in ~ jen > in ~ jin
**lat ~ lʁet > ɣat ~ hit
**tɹe > tʃi
**ʁa ~ ʁeh > ha ~ hiː
**ʁala ~ ʁaɬeʁ > hə ~ haːʃ
**ʁataqa ~ ʁataqeh > hətəʔ ~ hətaːʔ
**ahin ~ ahjen > ahin ~ ahjin
**ʁalat ~ ʁalʁet > hət ~ hahit
**ʁatɹe > hatʃ
**dagaʁa > nəːɣ

Daughterlang 2

e > i / stressed
i > ɛ / _{R,h} (not sure what I meant by <R>, if it was just **ʁ or both **ɹ and **ʁ)
j > Ø / a_
iw > ju
Vw > u / _F ! _h
m n ŋ > β ɹ w / C[- voice]_N
m n ŋ > ɸ s x / C[+ voice]_N
s > Ø / ɹ_
z > ɹ / V_V
k g q ɢ > tʃ dʒ k g
ʁ > g (I made a note about possible metathesis here, probably something to do with the sonority hierarchy)
{m,ŋ} n > ũ ã / syllabic
ɛ > a
h > Ø / _%

**tn ~ tne > tã
**taqa ~ taqeh > taka
**ɬa ~ ɬʁe > ɬa ~ ɮgi
**in ~ jen > an ~ jan
**lat ~ lʁet > lat ~ ɮgit
**tɹe > tɹi
**ʁa ~ ʁeh > ga
**ʁala ~ ʁaɬeʁ > gala ~ gaɬag
**ʁataqa ~ ʁataqeh > gataka
**ahin ~ ahjen > ahan ~ ajan
**ʁalat ~ ʁalʁet > galat ~ galgit
**ʁatɹe > gatɹi
**dagaʁa > dadʒaga

Thrice Xandvii · Post by **Thrice Xandvii** » 25 Feb 2016 12:21

What does !%a mean?

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 25 Feb 2016 13:17

Unless there's an /a/ in the next syllable.

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 26 Aug 2016 07:31

Let's see if I can't reverse-sound-change some forms from my Ngade n Tim Ar dictionary on Anthologica.

Revised Ngade n Tim Ar phonetic developments:

A tone split occurs with syllable-initial voiced consonants and *ʔ giving a low tone to the following vowel.
Voiced-voiceless pairs merge to the voiceless consonant (and *h > *ʔ).
*VʔV and *VhV sequences, where the vowels are identical, yield low-tone and high-tone variants of the vowel.
If it existed, *ɴ probably merges with *ŋ, or is just dropped.
*q > x.
*s *ʃ shift to *θ *s (so perhaps a more accurate rendering of the original consonants would be *s₁ *z₁ *s₂ *z₂).
*p > *f > h.
*ʔ then is dropped.
Two vowels of unlike frontness/backness (*a is exempt) merge into a vowel with the height, tone, and place of articulation of the second vowel and the roundedness of the first.
*w *j near a vowel gain fully vocalic surface forms (with low tone).
Intervocalic consonants voice (except for /h/).
*ʁ > *ʕ.
Different outcomes of *θ [*ð] develop in different dialects.

Spoiler:

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 15 Jan 2017 05:12

Looking at making some placenames, so…

Spoiler:

Some additional sound changes for Ngade n Tim Ar:

Three-consonant clusters delete either the first consonant (if it is a resonant before two obstruents) or the third consonant. This occurs before the change involving the plural morpheme causing metathesis on the way to Tim Ar.
The plural marker ends up eroding into a clitic and causing metathesis: #ɹa=CVC → #aɹCVC → #əɹVCC → #VCC.
a → æ / _N

A new dialect, based on Focurc Scots. Sound changes based on those presented here.

Spoiler:

Some toponyms, along with their development:

zaɹwaqʔih 'Hamlet Swale' > θàɹùàɣí > ɸàɹʊ̀ɣɛ́
qaɬsik 'Cloud-top' > xáɬθík > xáβíç
tanazeʔn 'Archmill' > tánàðèn > tɜ́nːàβɛ̀~
baʃplaŋ 'Watering-Hole Battleground' > hàshàŋ > hàshà~
tejken 'Flatrockpath' > téígén > tɪ́ʝé~
pamʃuʔ 'Roadbridge' > hámzú > há~zú
waʃu 'Isletford' > úàzú > ʊ́zú

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 19 Jan 2017 00:17

Pronouns

1SG **ŋwʒ > PO *nwa, O nwo /nwo/ : TA ngus /ŋùs/
2SG **ɮɹn > PO *wan, O wèn /wɛn/ : TA cn /ɬn̩/
3SG **pe > PO *pe, O pe /pe/ : TA hé /hé/
1PL **segw > PO *heɣu, O hewơ /hewə/ : TA 3égu /θékù/
2PL **kmj > PO *kni, O knư /knɨ/ : TA ki /kì/
3PL **eʔti > PO *hetsi, O hesư /hesɨ/ : TA édí /étí/

Development of pronouns in Tim Ar dialects:

E = Éí, K = Kerníng, L = Lák3or, M = Mrgáí, Mg = Merghas, Se = Séksin, Si = Sinzio, T3 = Tai3a, T = Tigát, U = Údon

ngus /ŋùs/ > E ù, K wø̀, L ŋùː, M gòs, Mg ŋùs, Se ŋus, Si ŋʉ̀s, T3 hùs, T ŋù, U ŋùs
jn /ɬn̩/ > E zn̩, K ɣèɹ, L ɬè, M ɮã, Mg ʟn̩, Se ʒeŋ, Si ɮn̩, T3 ln̩, T ɮn̩, U zn̩
hé /hé/ > E há, K é, L xé, M í, Mg hé, Se ʃa, Si hé, T3 hì, T hé, U hé
3égu /θékù/ > E égù, K nég, L ɬáù, M jégù, Mg ɸéʝù, Se ljakʷ, Si tégʉ̀, T3 xèɣú, T tég, U nég
ki /kì/ > E tì, K sì, L ʃì, M (í), Mg kɛ̀, Se ki, Si kì, T3 tʃì, T tsì, U kè
édí /étí/ > E íléj, K ját, L jáí, M ídzí, Mg édɛ́, Se jadje, Si édʒí, T3 èɹí, T éd, U éd

Éí

[+ mid] → a / _#
ɹ → w
θ ð → Ø ɹ
ɬ ɮ → s z
ŋ → Ø
t d → ʔ l
k g → t d / _E
ú ɯ́ ý í → ów ɤ́w ǿj éj
[+ mid] → [+ high] / _T%
O → Ø / _%
ʕ → h
hː → h

Kerníng

{θ,ð} → n
h → β / [+ voiced]_{u,o,ø,y}
h → ɸ / _{u,o,ø,y}
h → Ø
ŋ → Ø / %_
k g → s z / _E
{u,o} {ɯ,ɤ} → wø we / _{s,z,l,ɹ}
ɬ ɮ → x ɣ
R̩ → eR
{e,ø} i y → ja je jø / _(C)i
V[+ high] → Ø / V(C)_#
O → [- voice] / _#
m n → w ɹ / _%
{s,h} → Ø / _#
{u,ɯ} {y,i} → wə jə → wo jo / _ʕ
{u,ɯ} {y,i} → əw əj → ow oj / ʕ_
ʕ → Ø

Lák3or

{d,g} → Ø / V_V
k g → ʃ ʒ / _{e,i}
ɯ ɤ ø y → ɨ ə e i
[+ high tone] → [+ falling tone] / _F
VF → Vː / _%
θ ð → ɬ ɮ
h → ç → x / _E
R̩ → e
ə e → jə ja / _[+ high]
j → Ø / %F_V

Merghas

{ɬ,ɮ} → l
o ɤ → ju jɯ / {n,x}_
o ɤ → ju jɯ / _K
{ø,ɤ} → e / _#
jɯ ɤ ø → i ɜ ɪ
ɯ y → u i
V[+ high] → Ø / a_
ua {ae,ea} ia → ʊ ɛ ɪ
o → ə / P_r
æ → ɛ
o{g,j} → ɜi
x{u,ɯ} → ʍ / _V
{o,a}l → a
t → Ø / p_
ð → Ø / {l,r,V}_C
θ ð → f v → ɸ β
ou ei → ʊ ɪ
ɪ → ɜ / _R
ɛ → ɜi / K_
ɛ → ɜ / _{#,K,N}
{i,ɪ} → ɛ / _#
Nasal place assimilation
t → ʔ / _%
t → ʔ / R_
Ø → ə / {ɹ,l}_{m,l}
m → Ø / _n
l → Ø / u_%
t → ʔ / ! {#,C}_
l → ʟ
əʟ → o / _%
ʟ → ʊ̯ / {E,a}_
k g → ç ʝ / V_%
SVN → ʔN[+syllabic] / _#
VN → Ṽ / _{C,#}
n → nː / V_V
Vʔ → Vː / _%

Mrgáí

ŋ → g / #_
{θ,ð} → j
{k,g} → h / _E
hV → V́ / %_
m̩ n̩ ŋ̩ → ũ ã ĩ
t d → ts dz / _V[+ high]
o ɤ ø e → u ɯ y i / #_
V[+ high] → [- high] / N_
V{x,ɣ} → Vː / _%

Séksin

{θ,ð} → l
C → Cʷ / _V[+ round]
ɯ ɤ ø y → u o e i
V[- low] → Ø / _#
V → Vː / _[+ voiced]
O → [- voice] / _#
h → ʃ / _E
h → x / _B
h → Ø / ! _a
o e → wa ja / _#
xw ʃj → x ʃ
m → b
úː óː éː íː → wo wa ja je
Tone loss
ɬ ɮ → ʃ ʒ
R̩ → eR
N → ŋ / _%

Sinzio

θ ð → t d
æ e → e i / _ŋ
æ → {æə̯,eə̯} / _N
{a,e} → ɛ / _{ɹ,l}
u ɯ → ʉ ɨ
o → e / _{ʉ,ɨ}
VN → Ṽ / _%
n s z l ɹ → ɲ ʃ ʒ ʎ j / _E
a ã → e ẽ / _(C)(C)E
V → Ø / _V
h → Ø / _#

Tai3a

Tones shift one syllable to the right; initial syllables acquire low tone
au ai → o e
{y,i} → Ø / V_V
ao ae → oː eː
u y i → w ɥ j / _V
u y i → w ɥ j / V_
k g x ɣ → tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ / _E
d g z ɮ → z ɣ ɹ l / _V
o ɤ ø e → u ɯ y i / _(C)#
S → ʔ / _#
θ ð → x ɣ
a → ə / _#

Tigát

θ ð → t d
u ɯ y i → w ɰ ɥ j / V_
u ɯ y i → w ɰ ɥ j / _V
V → Ø / V{w,ɰ,ɥ,j}_
V → Ø / unstressed
k g → ts dz / _{E,(a)ɥ,(a)j}
d g → ð ɣ / V_V
T → Ø / _#

Údon

{θ,ð} → n
ɬ ɮ → s z
u ɯ y i → o ɤ ø e / _#
{ŋ,n} l ɹ → ɲ ʎ j / E_
V → Ø / unstressed
SN → NS / _#
Ø → u / #_C{ː,C}B[+ round]
Ø → ɯ / #_C{ː,C}B[- round]
Ø → a / #_C{ː,C}a
Ø → y / #_C{ː,C}E[+ round]
Ø → i / #_C{ː,C}E[- round]

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 11 Feb 2017 10:21

It occurs to me that I can do some interesting stuff with complex onsets to generate things like lateral fricatives in Ngade n Tim Ar instead of simply dropping them. Something like this would occur just after the tone split:

p > Ø / %_lV
{t,k,s,x}l > ɬ / %_V
{p,t,k,s,x}ɹ > ʃ / %_V

*ʁ would also vocalize to /à/ in this position, leading to aV clusters.

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 14 Feb 2017 03:13

I'm thinking of adding in *o to Proto-Tim Ar-O. This will allow me to maintain /o/ as a native phoneme in CT and will leave out the gap that would otherwise occur (because without PTO *o, the resulting sound system would have developed /ɤ/ without /o/). On the way to Proto-O, it would merge with *u, and in general *wu *uw sequences would drop the semivowel, maintaining the current system.

The CBB

Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar

Re: Welding the O languages and Ngade n Tim Ar