Personal Pronouns
For various reasons, including their common usage and unstressed pronunciations, personal pronouns have resisted a number of sound changes over the centuries. They have also retained some grammatical distinctions lost elsewhere in the language.
Personal pronouns have four case forms, nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. The accusative, genitive, and dative cases all correspond to the oblique case of nouns and adjectives. The nominative case is used when a pronoun is the experiencer of an intransitive verb or when it's the agent of a transitive verb. The nominative can also be used for vocative expressions. The accusative case is used when a pronoun is the patient of a transitive verb or when it's part of certain prepositional phrases. Like the nominative, the accusative can be used for vocative expressions, although this usage is not as common as it is for the nominative. The genitive case is used when a pronoun is standing in for a possessor, or when it's part of certain prepositional phrases. The dative case is used when a pronoun is the indirect object of a verb, or when it's part of certain prepositional phrases.
First and second person pronouns have singular, dual, and plural forms. Third person pronouns only have singular and plural forms. The singular is used when there is only one referent. The dual is used when there are exactly two referents, and the plural is used when there are more than two, or, in the case of third person pronouns, when there are more than one.
First and second person pronouns are gender neutral. Third person pronouns are masculine when they refer to a masculine noun or male person. They are feminine when they refer to a feminine noun or female person. Much like the neuter gender fell out of use in nouns and adjectives, neuter third person pronouns fell out of use as well. However, they have recently been revived by members of the Visigothic LGBT+ community to refer to people who identify outside of the traditional gender binary and to refer to people without mentioning their gender. This usage has not yet become mainstream, and few outside the community are even aware of it.
First Person
Code: Select all
SG. DU. PL.
NOM. ic uit uis
ACC. mic uncis unsis
GEN. mina uncara unsara
DAT. mis uncis unsis
Second Person
Code: Select all
SG. DU. PL.
NOM. su yut yus
ACC. suc inquis isuis
GEN. sina inquara isuara
DAT. sus inquis isuis
Third Person
Code: Select all
MASC.
SG. PL.
NOM. is is
ACC. ina ines
GEN. is ise
DAT. ima in
FEM.
SG. PL.
NOM. si yos
ACC. ya yos
GEN. isos iso
DAT. ise in
NEUT.
SG. PL.
NOM. ita ya
ACC. ita ya
GEN. is ise
DAT. ima in
The user formerly known as "shimobaatar".
(she)