M'aillys

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Shemtov
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M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

This is a language spoken in the same universe as Fuheko, on the M'aill peninsula, on a continent to the Southwest of the Country-Continent of Fuhe. It is a part of a larger language family. It is most known to the inhabitants of Fuhe as the language of mercenaries hired by the Rüüttääyä Rebel Group. I may eventually do a Rüüttääyän Fuheko/M'aillys pidgin. It is inspired by Russian and the Brythonic languages, and much of the vocabulary has been pulled from those sources.

Now with romanazation, diphthongs and phonotactics:
/m mʲ m̥ m̥ʲ n nʲ n̥ n̥ʲ ŋ ŋʲ ŋ̥ ŋ̥ʲ/ <m m' mh mh' n n' nh nh' ng ng' ngh ngh'>
/p pʲ b bʲ t tʲ d dʲ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k kʲ g gʲ / <p p' b b' t t' d d' ch j c c' g g' '>
/f fʲ v vʲ θ θʲ ð ðʲ ɬ ɬʲ s sʲ z zʲ ʂ ʐ x xʲ ɣ ɣʲ / <ff ff' f f' th th' dd dd' ll ll' s s' z z' sh zh kh kh' gh gh'>
/r rʲ r̥ r̥ʲ/ <r r' rh rh'>
/w j ɥ l lʲ/ <u î u' l l'>

/i ɨ u e o a/ <i y w e o a>
/ai oi ei ui aɨ oɨ uɨ eɨ ɨu au eu iu/ <ai oi ei ui ay oy wy ey yw aw ew iw>

Phonotactics:
(C)(C)(C)V(C)
Permitted intial clusters:
/st zd sʲtʲ zʲdʲ str zdr sʲtʲrʲ zʲdʲrʲ str̥ sʲtʲr̥ʲ mn mʲnʲ mnʲ sp sʲpʲ zb zʲbʲ spr sʲpʲrʲ zʲbʲrʲ spr̥ sʲpʲr̥ʲ sk sʲkʲ zg zʲgʲ skr sʲkʲrʲ zʲgʲrʲ skr̥ sʲkʲr̥ʲ ŋm ŋʲmʲ ŋmʲ kr kʲrʲ krʲ kr̥ kʲr̥ʲ kr̥ʲ gr gʲrʲ grʲ pr pʲrʲ prʲ pr̥ pr̥ʲ pʲr̥ʲ br bʲrʲ brʲ ʐb ʂp ʂk ʐg xr xr̥ xʲrʲ xrʲ xʲr̥ʲ xr̥ʲ ɣr ɣrʲ ɣʲrʲ fr fr̥ fʲrʲ frʲ fr̥ʲ fʲr̥ʲ vr vrʲ vʲrʲ sm zm sn zn mr nr kw gw kʲɥ gʲɥ kl gl kʲlʲ gʲlʲ >

Mutation is a morphonemic process triggered by the definite article (though this is based on case and gender) and prepositions.

Soft mutation:
p>b
pʲ>bʲ
t>d
tʲ>dʲ
k>g
kʲ>gʲ
b>v
bʲ>vʲ
d>ð
d>ðʲ
g>ɣ
gʲ>ɣʲ
m>v
mʲ>vʲ
s>∅
ɬ>l
r̥ >r
ɬʲ>lʲ
r̥ʲ >rʲ
t͡ʃ>d͡ʒ

Nasal Mutation:
p>m̥
pʲ>m̥ʲ
b>m
bʲ>mʲ
t>n̥
tʲ>n̥ʲ
d>n
dʲ>nʲ
k>ŋ̊
kʲ>ŋ̊ʲ
g>ŋ
gʲ>ŋʲ

Spirant mutation:
p>f
pʲ>fʲ
t>θ
tʲ>θʲ
k>x
kʲ>xʲ
t͡ʃ >sʲ

Palatal Mutation:
C>Cʲ


Nouns:
Nouns have two genders, masculine and Feminine. Masculine nouns end in consonants in the singular nominative, while feminine nouns stems end in vowels. There are 5 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Genitive and Oblique) and two numbers. The definite article is invariably <Ar> though it may trigger a mutation based on case and gender.

Declension (with article) regular Masculine noun <Pen> "Head":
Singular:
Nominative: Ar Pen
Accusative: Ar Ben
Dative: Ar Penw
Genitive: Ar Pena
Oblique: Ar Mhenom
Plural:
Nominative: Ar P'eniw
Accusative: Ar P'eniw
Dative: Ar Mhenam
Genitive: Ar P'eneî
Oblique: Ar Fenakh

Note that the Plural Nom. and Acc. of Masc. nouns ending in fricatives or trills have the ending -in. Thus Glasin "eyes" instead of *"Glasiw".

Declension (with article) regular Feminine noun <Kyniga> "Book":
Singular:
Nominative: Ar Gyniga
Accusative: Ar Gynigw
Dative: Ar K'ynige
Genitive: Ar K'ynigy
Oblique: Ar K'ynigi
Plural:
Nominative: Ar Gynigiw
Accusative: Ar Gynigiw
Dative: Ar Nghynigam
Genitive: Ar K'ynigyî
Oblique: Ar Khynigakh
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

The oblique case functions as a prepositional case, though locative prepositions also take this case. With non-proper definite nouns, the article comes before the preposition. With indefinite and proper nouns, the preposition triggers mutation.
A list of common prepositions and the mutations they trigger:
Yn- Locative particle used for natural features, and man-made features that aren't buildings or cities. Triggers nasal mutation.
Yf- Locative particle used for countries, buildings and cities. Triggers spirant mutation.
At-Allative and benefactive particle. Soft mutation.
Is- Ablative particle. Spirant mutation.
Po- Perlative and instrumental particle. Soft mutation.
Ys-Comatative particle. Soft mutation.
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

Verbs have no participles, however, they do have Verbal Nouns, which are used very commonly and are seen as the "citation form" of the verb.
This Verbal Nouns are formed in Four ways, depending on the verb, except in some irregulars:
1. No change from root:
Ateb "Answering" "Ateb" " To Answer"
2.Suffix -it'. (This is very common):
Gafor'it' "Speaking" Gafor' "To speak"
3: Prefix ga-:
Gafal "Grabbing" Fal "To grab"
4. Prefix a-:
Astedd "sitting" Stedd "To sit"

Verbs have 6 tense-aspects: Past Imperfect, Preterite, Present, Present Progressive, Future Imperfect, and Future Perfect. They inflect for person and number.
Indicative conjugation of Irregular verb <Bod> "To be" (very common as an auxiliary)'
Past Imperfect,
1P Sing:Oiddw
2P Sing: Oiddi
3P Sing: Oidd
1P Plr: Oiddew
2P Plr: Oidde
3P Plr: Oidden

Preterite,
1P Sing:Bym
2P Sing: Byws
3P Sing: By
1P Plr: Bywm
2P Plr: Bywkh
3P Plr: Bywn

Present,
1P Sing:Oif
2P Sing: Oit
3P Sing: Mai
1P Plr: Oim
2P Plr: Oikh
3P Plr: Main

Future Imperfect,
1P Sing: Bylyf
2P Sing: Bylyt
3P Sing: Byl
1P Plr: Bylym
2P Plr: Bylykh
3P Plr: Bylyn

Future Perfect
1P Sing:Bif
2P Sing:Bi
3P Sing: Bo
1P Plr: Bim
2P Plr: Bikh
3P Plr: Bin

<Bod> does not have a unique Present progressive form.
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Re: M'aillys

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Verbs form in two ways, depending on the mood: The inflectional form, used for the Preterite, Present, and the Future Perfect, and the Periphrastic form, used for the imperfect and progressive tenses.
Inflection of regular Verb <F'idit'> "to see":
Preterite,
1P Sing:F'idais
2P Sing: F'idait
3P Sing: F'ido
1P Plr: F'idom
2P Plr: F'idokh
3P Plr: F'idasan

Present,
1P Sing:F'idaf
2P Sing: F'idi
3P Sing: F'id
1P Plr: F'idwn
2P Plr: F'idekh
3P Plr: F'idan



Future Perfect
1P Sing:F'idin
2P Sing:F'idy
3P Sing: F'idw
1P Plr: F'idim
2P Plr:F'idot
3P Plr: F'idit

The Periphrastic form is formed by using the imperfect conjugation of <Bod>, for the imperfect tenses, and the Present conjugation of <Bod>, for the progressive, at the begining of the sentence, followed by the subject, and then the main verb's stem.

Example sentences:
F'idais ar ddyn
"I see the man"

Oiddi f'id ar ddyn
"You have seen the man"

Lladdin ar f'oiniw ar ghenethiw yn Mholmor'i
"The Warriors will kill the girls in Polmor'y"

Mai ar f'oiniw lladd ar ghenethiw is Fukhtanyson
"The warriors are killing the girls from Bukhtanys"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

Attributive adjectives come after the noun, and inflect for gender, case and number. They may have mutations. Plural adjectives do not change for gender:
Inflection of regular adjective "Cokh" "red":
Masculine:
Singular:
Nominative: Cokhy
Accusative: Cokhy
Dative: Gokhomw
Genitive: Gokhogo
Oblique: Nghokhom
Feminine:
Singular:
Nominative: Gokha
Accusative: Gokhoy
Dative: K'okhoî
Genitive: Gokhoî
Oblique:K'okhoî
Plural:
Nominative: Gokhyw
Accusative: Gokhyw
Dative: Nghokhym
Genitive: K'okhykh
Oblique:Khokhykh
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

Negation can be formed by the particle Ni before the verb:

Ni Lladdin ar f'oiniw ar ghenethiw yn Mholmor'i
"The Warriors will not kill the girls in Polmor'y"

Polar questions are formed by the Particle A before the verb:
A Lladdin ar f'oiniw ar ghenethiw yn Mholmor'i
"Will the warriors kill the girls in Polmor'y?"


This is answered by "Da" "Yes" and "N'et" "No"


Wh-Questions are formed by adding the appropriate question word where the referent should be:
WH-Words:
Shto-What
Kyto-Who
Pochemw-When
Gyd'e-Where
Kak-How

The first two decline for case:
What:
Nom: Shto
Acc.: Shto
Dative: Shemw
Genitive: Shego
Oblique: Shyîom

Who:
Nom: Kyto
Acc.: Kogo
Dative: Komw
Genitive: Kogo
Oblique: Kom


Lladdin ar f'oiniw kogo yn Mholmor'i
"Who will the warriors kill in Polmor'y?"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

There are two ways to form reflexive verbs, depending on whether or not the sentence is conjugated or periphrastic.
For conjugated sentences the suffix s'a is added to the end of the conjugated verb:
Lladdins'a ar f'oiniw
"The warriors will commit suicide"

for periphrastic sentences, the particle Khyn or Khynan if the subject is plural is added after the noun:

Mai ar f'oiniw khynan lladd
"The warriors are committing suicide"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Omzinesý
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Omzinesý »

So Celtic! My need for Platonic categories is hurted, because this is not an a-posteriori mixed language.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
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Re: M'aillys

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Pronouns:
First person singular:
Nominative: Mi
Accusative: Min'a
Dative: Myne
Genitive: Min'ya
Oblique: Myno

First person plural:
Nominative: Ni
Accusative: Nas
Dative: Nam
Genitive: Nas
Oblique: Nami


2nd person singular:
Nominative: Ti
Accusative: Teb'a
Dative: Teb'e
Genitive: Teb'a
Oblique: Tobo

Second person Plural
Nominative: fy
Accusative: Fas
Dative: Fam
Genitive: Fas
Oblique: Fami

Third person Masculine singular:
Nominative: On
Accusative: Efo
Dative: Emu
Genitive: Efo
Oblique: Im

Third person Feminine singular:
Nominative: Hi
Accusative: Hiîo
Dative: Hiî
Genitive: Hiîo
Oblique: Hiî

Third person plural:
Nominative: Ani
Accusative: Ikh
Dative: Im
Genitive: Ikh
Oblique: Imo


The Genitive forms cause soft mutation

Example:
Mai ani rhodded efo glogyn teb'e
"They are giving his cloak to you"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

Omzinesý wrote:So Celtic! My need for Platonic categories is hurted, because this is not an a-posteriori mixed language.
Umm......This is an a-posteriori mixed language, namely between Russian and Brythonic. Unless you want to define a-posteriori as "being descended via sound changes from a natlang, extinct or spoken"
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
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Re: M'aillys

Post by qwed117 »

Shemtov wrote:
Omzinesý wrote:So Celtic! My need for Platonic categories is hurted, because this is not an a-posteriori mixed language.
Umm......This is an a-posteriori mixed language, namely between Russian and Brythonic. Unless you want to define a-posteriori as "being descended via sound changes from a natlang, extinct or spoken"
That's definition of a-posteriori, so.
Spoiler:
My minicity is [http://zyphrazia.myminicity.com/xml]Zyphrazia and [http://novland.myminicity.com/xml]Novland.

Minicity has fallen :(
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Shemtov
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Shemtov »

qwed117 wrote:
Shemtov wrote:
Omzinesý wrote:So Celtic! My need for Platonic categories is hurted, because this is not an a-posteriori mixed language.
Umm......This is an a-posteriori mixed language, namely between Russian and Brythonic. Unless you want to define a-posteriori as "being descended via sound changes from a natlang, extinct or spoken"
That's definition of a-posteriori, so.
My definition has been that the vocabulary comes from a natlang. That's how Frathwiki defines it, anyway....
Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien
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Dormouse559
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Dormouse559 »

Different people have different definitions. I prefer the stricter one, where an a posteriori conlang is a language regularly derived from a natlang. One with some correspondences to a natlang, but not regularly derived, is an a priori lang influenced by said natlang. Because let's face it - Every conlang draws from natlangs to one degree or another, even if the only thing taken is the idea of language.
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Re: M'aillys

Post by Omzinesý »

Dormouse559 wrote: [...] I prefer the stricter one, where an a posteriori conlang is a language regularly derived from a natlang. One with some correspondences to a natlang, but not regularly derived, is an a priori lang influenced by said natlang. [...]
That's the prototype. The second one isn't the prototype of an a-priori one either. But categories are here for us to understand things, not to drive things to one direction. My first comment on Platonic categories was meant to be a kind of joke.

Interesting project anyway!
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
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