Compound Tenses
Compound tenses consist of a conjugated form of *Havere in the appropriate tense followed by a past participle
*The following 12 verbs use Estre as the auxiliary instead:
Present Perfect: Present + Past Participle
Relatively straightforward. Equivalent to English's own present perfect. Some adverbs such as sò (just) and ga (already/yet) are only used alongside perfect tenses.
L'ho sò visto.- I just saw him.
Past Anterior: Past + Past Participle
Used similarly to the pluperfect but less frequently. Stresses that an event in the past occurred immediately before another event in the past. Often replaced with the pluperfect in casual conversation.
Lo vidi dêpoché fuţi splicato.- I saw him right after you had arrived.
Compound Pluperfect: Imperfect + Past Participle
Pluperfect form used to stress that an action was occurring habitually in the past before another event in the past. Often replaced with the simple pluperfect in casual conversation but not nearly as often as the past anterior is
Îl aveva atto garib qua splicaţi- He had been acting strange when you arrived.
Future Perfect: Future + Past Participle
Similar in use to that of other Romance languages. Typically translated as "will have" in English
Horlò visto qua splicaràs- I will have seen him when you arrive
Conditional Perfect: Conditional + Past Participle
Similar in use to that in Italian, Spanish, etc. Most often encountered in if-then clauses.
S'io lo videsse, îl horrea atto garib- If I had seen him, he would've been acting strange.
Preterite Subjunctive: Subjunctive Present + Past Participle
Used as both the preterite and present perfect for verbs in the subjunctive mood.
Inşallà l'heas visto- I hope you saw him.
Pluperfect Subjunctive: Subjunctive Imperfect + Past Participle
Used as the pluperfect, past anterior, and compound pluperfect for verbs in the subjunctive mood.
Inşallà îl hosse atto garib qua splicaţi- I hope he wasn't acting strange when you arrived
Perfect Infinitive: Infinitive + Past Participle
Similar to other Romance languages. Commonly encountered after prepositions and conjugated verb forms
Voglio haverlo visto înan mâne- I want to see him by tomorrow