Lingue Romance

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k1234567890y
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Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

Lingue Romance is a Romance language without grammatical gender, due to the final vowel loss and the merge of definite articles; besides, as a result of phonological and morphological change, there is only one regular verbal conjugation pattern with a simplified system in terms of tense-aspect-mood and a syncretism in verbal person/number marking, which makes the 1st singular form and the 3rd singular form indistinguishable, and subsequently this leads to the obliged use of subject personal pronouns following the tendency of European languages.

Some Sound Changes(from Vulgar Latin to Lingue Romance):

Second-to-last vowel is often dropped when unstressed, this happens before the loss of word-final vowels.
k > t͡s / _{e, i, j}
g > z / _{e, i, j}
t > t͡s / _jV
d > z / _jV
e > i / in Vulgar Latin stressed syllables
o > u / in Vulgar Latin stressed syllables
ɛ e > e / in Vulgar Latin unstressed syllables
ɔ o > o / in Vulgar Latin unstressed syllables
The weakening of vowel of the last syllable to /ə/ if it is unstressed.
The loss of word-final vowels.
Final devoicing except for /v/.

Phonology

Nasals: /m n ŋ/
Plosives: /p b t d k g kʷ gʷ/
Fricatives: /f v s z/
Affricates: /t͡s/
Sonorants: /r l j/

Vowels: /a e i o u ə/

Note:
1. /ŋ/ only occurs at word-final position, as a result of the coalescence /ŋg/
2. /ə/ is an unstressed vowel
3. /z/ is realised as [z] or [d͡z]
4. in the speech of some people, stressed /a e i o u/ are lengthened in open syllables.
5. /e/ and /o/ might be released as [ɛ] and [ɔ] in closed syllables.

Stress falls on the final syllable of the stem.

Morphology

Lingue Romance is more analytic compared to most Romance languages.

Nouns

Nouns only decline according to number. The plural form of a noun is formed by adding -s or -es to the end of the stem. For example:

- amize /a'mit͡s/ "friend" - amizes /a'mizəs/ "friends"
- case /kas/ "house" - cases /'kasəs/ "houses"
- ove /'ov/ "egg" - oves /'ovəs/ "eggs"

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with nouns in number. The plural form of an adjective is formed by adding -s or -es to the end of the stem. For example:
- alt /aɫt/ "high, tall" - alte homen /aɫt 'omən/ "tall man" - altes homnes /aɫtəs 'omnəs/ "tall men"
- belle /beɫ/ "beautiful" - belle femen /beɫ 'femən/ "beautiful woman" - belles femnes /beləs 'femnəs/ "beautiful women"
- rodund /ro'dunt/ "round" - rodund ove /ro'dunt 'ov/ "round egg" - rodundes oves /ro'dundəs 'ovəs/ "round eggs"

Verbs
Verbs conjugate according to person, number and tense-aspect-mood. Below are the patterns of the conjugations of regular verbs:

Infinitive: -er
Gerund: -ent
Past Participle: -te

Present:
- 1st sg: -e
- 2nd sg: -es
- 3rd sg: -e
- 1st pl: -mes
- 2nd pl: -es
- 3rd pl: -en

Past(developed from Latin Imperfect):
- 1st sg: -ev
- 2nd sg: -eves
- 3rd sg: -ev
- 1st pl: -evmes
- 2nd pl: -eves
- 3rd pl: -even

Pluperfect:
- 1st sg: -er
- 2nd sg: -eres
- 3rd sg: -er
- 1st pl: -ermes
- 2nd pl: -eres
- 3rd pl: -eren

Future(developed from the enclitic form of Latin habeō):
- 1st sg: -ave
- 2nd sg: -aves
- 3rd sg: -ave
- 1st pl: -avmes
- 2nd pl: -aves
- 3rd pl: -aven

Subjunctive(developed from Latin Subjunctive Pluperfect):
- 1st sg: -es
- 2nd sg: -eses
- 3rd sg: -es
- 1st pl: -esmes
- 2nd pl: -eses
- 3rd pl: -esen

The past participle form acts as an adjective.

Below uses amer "to love" and finer "to finish" as examples of conjunction:

Amer:

Infinitive: amer /'amər/
Gerund: ament /'amənt/
Past Participle: amte /'amt/

Present:
- 1st sg: ame /'am/
- 2nd sg: ames /'aməs/
- 3rd sg: ame /'am/
- 1st pl: ammes /'amməs/
- 2nd pl: ames /'aməs/
- 3rd pl: amen /'amən/

Past:
- 1st sg: amev /'aməv/
- 2nd sg: ameves /'aməvəs/
- 3rd sg: amev /'aməv/
- 1st pl: amevmes /'aməvnəs/
- 2nd pl: ameves /'aməvəs/
- 3rd pl: ameven /'aməvən/

Pluperfect:
- 1st sg: amer /'amər/
- 2nd sg: ameres /'amərəs/
- 3rd sg: amer /'amər/
- 1st pl: amermes /'amərməs/
- 2nd pl: ameres /'amərəs/
- 3rd pl: ameren /'amərən/

Future:
- 1st sg: amave /am'av/
- 2nd sg: amaves /am'avəs/
- 3rd sg: amave /am'av/
- 1st pl: amavmes /am'avməs/
- 2nd pl: amaves /am'avəs/
- 3rd pl: amaven /am'avən/

Subjunctive:
- 1st sg: ames /'aməs/
- 2nd sg: ameses /'aməsəs/
- 3rd sg: ames /'aməs/
- 1st pl: amesmes /'aməsməs/
- 2nd pl: ameses /'aməsəs/
- 3rd pl: amesen /'aməsən/

finer "to finish":

Infinitive: finer /'finər/
Gerund: finent /'finənt/
Past Participle: finte /'fint/

Present:
- 1st sg: fine /'fin/
- 2nd sg: fines /'finəs/
- 3rd sg: fine /'fin/
- 1st pl: finmes /'finməs/
- 2nd pl: fines /'finəs/
- 3rd pl: finen /'finən/

Past:
- 1st sg: finev /'finəv/
- 2nd sg: fineves /'finəvəs/
- 3rd sg: finev /'finəv/
- 1st pl: finevmes /'finəvməs/
- 2nd pl: fineves /'finəvəs/
- 3rd pl: fineven /'finəvən/

Pluperfect:
- 1st sg: finer /'finər/
- 2nd sg: fineres /'finərəs/
- 3rd sg: finer /'finər/
- 1st pl: finermes /'finərməs/
- 2nd pl: fineres /'finərəs/
- 3rd pl: fineren /'finərən/

Future:
- 1st sg: finave /fin'av/
- 2nd sg: finaves /fin'avəs/
- 3rd sg: finave /fin'av/
- 1st pl: finavmes /fin'avməs/
- 2nd pl: finaves /fin'avəs/
- 3rd pl: finaven /fin'avən/

Subjunctive:
- 1st sg: fines /'finəs/
- 2nd sg: fineses /'finəsəs/
- 3rd sg: fines /'finəs/
- 1st pl: finesmes /'finəsməs/
- 2nd pl: fineses /'finəsəs/
- 3rd pl: finesen /'finəsən/

Examples of Vocabulary

Personal Pronouns

Nominative:
- 1st sg: yo /jo/
- 2nd sg: tu /tu/
- 3rd sg masculine: el /eɫ/
- 3rd sg feminine: la /la/
- 3rd sg neuter: lo /lo/
- 1st pl: nos /nos/
- 2nd pl: vos /vos/
- 3rd pl masculine: elles /'eləs/
- 3rd pl feminine: las /las/
- 3rd pl neuter: los /los/

Possessive(act as adjectives):
- 1st sg: mi /mi/
- 2nd sg: tui /tui/
- 3rd sg/pl: sui /sui/
- 1st pl: noster /'nostər/
- 2nd pl: voster /'vostər/

Accusative:
- 1st sg: me /me/
- 2nd sg: te /te/
- 3rd sg masculine: el /eɫ/
- 3rd sg feminine: la /la/
- 3rd sg neuter: lo /lo/
- 1st pl: nos /nos/
- 2nd pl: vos /vos/
- 3rd pl masculine: elles /'eləs/
- 3rd pl feminine: las /las/
- 3rd pl neuter: los /los/
- Reflexive: se /se/

Oblique(Disjunctive):
- 1st sg: mi /mi/
- 2nd sg: ti /ti/
- 3rd sg masculine: el /eɫ/
- 3rd sg feminine: la /la/
- 3rd sg neuter: lo /lo/
- 1st pl: noster /'nostər/
- 2nd pl: voster /'vostər/
- 3rd pl masculine: elles /'eləs/
- 3rd pl feminine: las /las/
- 3rd pl neuter: los /los/
- Reflexive: si /si/

Definite Article: le

Examples
- yo fable Lingue Romance - /jo 'fabəɫ 'lɪŋ ro'mant͡s/ - I speak Lingue Romance
- yo te ame - /jo te am/ - I love you
- tu me ames - /tu me aməs/ - you love me
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by Creyeditor »

I really like how this sound so German [:)]
I have a question: Did the vowel reduction/deletion also apply to pronouns? It seems, it didn't.
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k1234567890y
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

Creyeditor wrote: 19 Apr 2018 23:18 I really like how this sound so German [:)]
I have a question: Did the vowel reduction/deletion also apply to pronouns? It seems, it didn't.
I guess the feminine and neuter pronouns evolved from some alternative forms of the original Latin form, with the drop of initial consonant, and they had become monosyllabic before the vowel reduction.
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by Ælfwine »

Where is it spoken? Mosella?
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k1234567890y
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

Ælfwine wrote: 20 Apr 2018 00:58 Where is it spoken? Mosella?
Not have really thought that seriously yet, but I guess this location works
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

correction of a sound change:

e > i / in Vulgar Latin stressed closed syllables
o > u / in Vulgar Latin stressed closed syllables
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by Ælfwine »

k1234567890y wrote: 20 Apr 2018 05:55
Ælfwine wrote: 20 Apr 2018 00:58 Where is it spoken? Mosella?
Not have really thought that seriously yet, but I guess this location works
It had a slightly French feel, although more conservative than French.

Look into Walloon — supposedly those Romance speakers who settled in the Moselle came from there.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by Omzinesý »

I remember struggling with the stress of the infinitive when trying to romlang.
How did you get it off from -er so that it can reduce?
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

Ælfwine wrote: 22 Apr 2018 05:10
k1234567890y wrote: 20 Apr 2018 05:55
Ælfwine wrote: 20 Apr 2018 00:58 Where is it spoken? Mosella?
Not have really thought that seriously yet, but I guess this location works
It had a slightly French feel, although more conservative than French.

Look into Walloon — supposedly those Romance speakers who settled in the Moselle came from there.
ok (:

maybe I should also give more cognates with French and Walloon in my lang?
Omzinesý wrote: 22 Apr 2018 08:48 I remember struggling with the stress of the infinitive when trying to romlang.
How did you get it off from -er so that it can reduce?
For example:

Vulgar Latin */am'arɛ/ > */'amarɛ/(stress shift modelled after inflected form) > */amre/ > */amr̩/ > */amər/

but I am not sure if this is doable...or should I just keep the conjugation classes of verbs?
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by spanick »

k1234567890y wrote: 22 Apr 2018 12:17 For example:

Vulgar Latin */am'arɛ/ > */'amarɛ/(stress shift modelled after inflected form) > */amre/ > */amr̩/ > */amər/

but I am not sure if this is doable...or should I just keep the conjugation classes of verbs?

I think that’s very reasonable. I’m doing something similar with my Romlang where stress has shifted unconditionally to the first syllable of words: */am'arɛ/ > */'æmarɛ/ > */'ɛmərə/ > */'ɛmər/ > */'ɛmr̩/.

I think the question it brings up is how to handle the various conjugations. Do all the classes merge? Do some of them merge? Once the stress is moved and you start reducing vowels, I think there’s lots of way to level all or some of the conjugations.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

spanick wrote: 22 Apr 2018 16:25
k1234567890y wrote: 22 Apr 2018 12:17 For example:

Vulgar Latin */am'arɛ/ > */'amarɛ/(stress shift modelled after inflected form) > */amre/ > */amr̩/ > */amər/

but I am not sure if this is doable...or should I just keep the conjugation classes of verbs?

I think that’s very reasonable. I’m doing something similar with my Romlang where stress has shifted unconditionally to the first syllable of words: */am'arɛ/ > */'æmarɛ/ > */'ɛmərə/ > */'ɛmər/ > */'ɛmr̩/.

I think the question it brings up is how to handle the various conjugations. Do all the classes merge? Do some of them merge? Once the stress is moved and you start reducing vowels, I think there’s lots of way to level all or some of the conjugations.
ok thanks (: Although in Lingue Romance it is not unconditional, and in verbs the stress position of verbs is remodelled after some conjugation forms.

and yes, all regular conjugations of Lingue Romance have merged into one single conjugation class, and the pattern of the single class is listed above.
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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Re: Lingue Romance

Post by k1234567890y »

Syntax

Syntactically, Lingue Romance does not differ that much from other Romance languages.

- Basic Word Order: SVO / SOV(when the object is a personal pronoun)
- Adpositions are postpositions
- Numerals, Demonstratives, the definite article precede the noun they modify; adjectives, nominal possesors and relative clauses follow the noun they modify.
- Negations precede the phrase they negate
- conjunction are at the initial position of a clause.

However, in Lingue Romance, it is not uncommon for the speakers to place adjectives before nouns they modify.
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
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