Rɨdk͡pɑtian Family

[Shemtov]

The Rɨdk͡pɑtian Family is spoken between the Arungian Family to the west and the Talific Family to the east, on a continent about the size of Australia, and on two largish islands south of the continent. It takes its name from the fact that the Urheimat is the northwest part of its terrirtory, the Rɨdk͡pɑt River Basin, an area covered by Rainforests. Rɨdk͡pɑt is the Proto-Rɨdk͡pɑtian name of the river, coming from *rɨd "To Descend" and *k͡pɑt "River", as it is believed that "The Gods Descend there"- even speakers far away have a tradition of "A Paradise" to the north (or west) whose name is a decendant of *rɨdk͡pɑt.

Proto-Rɨdk͡pɑtian Phonology:
/p b ⁿb t d ⁿd ʈ ɖ ⁿɖ k g ⁿg k͡p g͡b/
/m n ɳ ŋ ŋ͡m/
/s ʂ ɕ xʷ h/
/β̞ ɹ~ɻ j w/
/ʍ/
'
/i: ɪ: e: ɛ: u: ʊ: o: ɔ: ɑ: ɐ:/
/i ɪ e ɛ ɨ ə ʉ ɵ u ʊ o ɔ ɑ ɐ/
/ɑi oi ei ɐɪ ɔɪ ɛɪ ɑu ou eu ɐʊ ɔʊ ɛʊ/

Phonotactics:
(C)V(C)
Prenaslized stops, and Labiovelars (except /w/ are forbidden syllable finally.
Tenseness harmony exists.

I will write the Proto-lang in IPA except the coronal aproxomant is <r>

Nouns:
Nouns come in two genders: Masculine and Feminine. Masculine nouns are natural masculines, and words ending in a consonant or short vowel. Feminine nouns end in long vowels or diphthongs.

Masuline consonant declension:
"k͡pɑt" "River"
Singular:
Nominative: k͡pɑt
Accusative: k͡pɑtɨ
Dative: k͡pɑtɑ:ɕ
Genitive: k͡pɑtu:
Prepositional: k͡pɑtʉɳ
Plural:
Nominative: k͡pɑtɑw
Accusative: k͡pɑtɨw
Dative: k͡pɑtiɕij
Genitive: k͡pɑtuw
Prepositional: k͡pɑtʍuɳ

Masculine vowel declension:
ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ "Knife"
Nominative: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
Accusative: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrə
Dative: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrɐ:ɕ
Genitive: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrʊ:
Prepositional: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrɵɳ
Plural:
Nominative: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐw
Accusative: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrəw
Dative: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrɐ:ɕɨ:j
Genitive: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrʊw
Prepositional: ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐrʊɳ

Feminine:
ki:sei "Resting Place"
Nominative: ki:sei
Accusative: ki:sei
Dative: ki:seiji
Genitive: ki:seiwu:
Prepositional:ki:seirɨ
Plural:
Nominative: ki:seit
Accusative: ki:seiwot
Dative: ki:seiji:d
Genitive: ki:seiwud
Prepositional:ki:seitei

Nouns that can be possesed may take optional personal prefixes:
My Knife: ɪ:ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
Our knife: nʊʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
Thy knife: kəʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
Your knife: hɐʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
His Knife: ʊ:ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
Her knife: xʷɪ:ʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ
Their knife: mɛʂəkɐ:ⁿdɐ

[Shemtov]

Verbs:
Verbs come in two types: Weak and Strong. It is worth noting that most verb stems end in a consonant, but those that end in a vowel take an epithetic consonant /j/ before front vowels, /r/ before central vowels, and /w/ before back vowels.
This post will consider the tenses of weak verbs. The next post will consider the tense-aspects.
Weak verb root: sɑrɑʍ- "burn; set ablaze; give power to"
Non-Future:
1P sing: sɑrɑʍi:
1P plr: sɑrɑʍun
2p sing: sɑrɑʍɨk
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:k
3p sing: sɑrɑʍu:
3p plr: sɑrɑʍe

Future:
1P sing: sɑrɑʍi:b
1P plr: sɑrɑʍum
2p sing: sɑrɑʍɨⁿbɨk
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:bɑk
3p sing: sɑrɑʍu:b
3p plr: sɑrɑʍem


sɑrɑʍɨk bɛsəməw
"Thou burn the spices"

sɑrɑʍi:b bɛsəməw
"I will burn the spices"

[Shemtov]

A Major Isogloss for the descendants: A split in the Labiovelars: Vowel-Sensitive Languages fuse them into the Labials before rounded vowels, and into the velars before unrounded, but the unrounded become rounded. Unitary Languages turn, say, /k͡p/ into /pˠ/, except for /xʷ/, which is /w/ (VS langs split it into /ɸ/ and /x/). In some of these daughters, the velarazation will be lost, causing major vowel shifts, which might destroy the ancestral VH system. This will sort of be a Satem-Centum split.

[Shemtov]

The Tense-aspects:
Non-Future Habitual:
1P sing: sɑrɑʍei
1P plr: sɑrɑʍo:ŋ͡mo
2p sing: sɑrɑʍik
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑuk
3p sing: sɑrɑʍuwu
3p plr: sɑrɑʍeu

Future Habitual:
1P sing: sɑrɑʍi:bi
1P plr: sɑrɑʍuŋ͡mu
2p sing: sɑrɑʍɨⁿbik
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:bɑuk
3p sing: sɑrɑʍoubu
3p plr: sɑrɑʍeum

Non-Future Perfect (often used as a past tense, and some daughters will become such):
1P sing: sɑrɑʍeiɖ
1P plr: sɑrɑʍo:ɳ
2p sing: sɑrɑʍiʈɑk
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:ʈɑk
3p sing: sɑrɑʍɑr
3p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:ʂ

Future perfect:
1P sing: sɑrɑʍi:ɖi
1P plr: sɑrɑʍʉɳ
2p sing: sɑrɑʍɨⁿɖik
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:ɖɑ:k
3p sing: sɑrɑʍouɖɨ
3p plr: sɑrɑʍɨʂ

Gnomic:
1P sing: sɑrɑʍeig
1P plr: sɑrɑʍo:ŋ
2p sing: sɑrɑʍɑkik
2p plr: sɑrɑʍɑ:kɑk
3p sing: sɑrɑʍɑ:wɨ
3p plr: sɑrɑʍʉh


sɑrɑʍo:ŋ͡mo bɛsəməw
"We usually burn spices"

ⁿboɕ sɑrɑʍoubu bɛsəməw
"The boy will usually burn the spices"

sɑrɑʍeiɖ bɛsəməw
"I have burnt the spices"

ⁿboɕɑw sɑrɑʍɨʂ bɛsəməw
"The boys will have burnt the spices"

Bɐrəɖəm sɑrɑʍɑ:wɨ
"The man is a spice-burner"

[Shemtov]

The verb has a special form for similtanious actions, done by the same subject. -ixʷi:/ɪxʷɪ: is the suffix.

Prepositions:
All of the prepositions here are locative, though they take different meanings based on the noun in the prepositional case:
ɖɐ- To, towards.
m͡ŋɪ:ɳ- From, away from
ɑɖɨ- At, nearby; beside
gʉs- Through; over; passing over; passing by


sɪsəsɔdɛ kɑkʍokɑr hɐhɛɪrɨ, , go:ʍixʷi: ɖɐ rɨdk͡pɑtʉɳ
"The quetzal has squawked at another [quetzal], while flying to the Rɨdk͡pɑt"

sɪsəsɔdɛ kɑkʍokɑr hɐhɛɪrɨ, , go:ʍixʷi: m͡ŋɪ:ɳ rɨdk͡pɑtʉɳ
"The quetzal has squawked at another [quetzal], while flying from the Rɨdk͡pɑt"

sɪsəsɔdɛ kɑkʍokɑr hɐhɛɪrɨ, , go:ʍixʷi: gʉs rɨdk͡pɑtʉɳ
"The quetzal has squawked at another [quetzal], while flying over the Rɨdk͡pɑt"

sɪsəsɔdɛ kɑkʍokɑr hɐhɛɪrɨ: ɑdɨ rɨdk͡pɑtʉɳ
"The quetzal has squawked at another [quetzal] by the Rɨdk͡pɑt"

nəsɪ:jɪ:b gʉs bɐrəɖəmɵɳ
"I will walk past the man"

[Shemtov]

Nominalazation of the verb:
To form abstracts from verbs, one adds the circumflex ⁿdo- -iŋ:
xʷɐɕɐ:b
"To think"
ⁿdɔxʷɐɕɐ:biŋ
"Thought"

heβ̞er
"To act freindly to"
ⁿdoheeβ̞eriŋ
"Friendship"


To form instruments, one adds the suffix -ʉɕoi:
sɑrɑʍʉɕoi
"Torch"

[Shemtov]

Adjectives are formed from nouns, often coming from abstract nouns from verbs.
Take the verb rɪ:nɔ "to rejoice". As an abstract noun ⁿdɔrɪ:nɔwɪŋ it means "Happiness; Pleasentness". To turn it into anadjective, one puts ⁿdorɪ:nɔŋ in the genitive: ⁿdɔrɪ:nɔwɪŋʊ:, and then puts the prefix for "like; similiar to" gɨ in front: gəⁿdorɪ:nɔŋʊ:
gəⁿdorɪ:nɔŋʊ bɐrəɖəm sɑrɑʍɑ:wɨ
"The happy man is a spice-burner"

[Shemtov]

Color adjectives are formed differently. All are formed with the adjective gəxʷɐhɔ:β̞ʊ: (xʷɐhɔ:β̞ is an underived abstract meaning "Color") prefixed by a Genitive noun that is an example of the color. In the daughter languages, then, color terms vary greatly depending on what the immidiate daughter saw as the "prime example". However, PRɨdk͡pɑtian had the following terms that generally entered the daughters; the difference is what terms it lacked and were added:
ŋɑʂɑnu: gəxʷɐhɔ:β̞ʊ: - Black (ŋɑʂɑn "Ash")
ŋɐ:nɐnʊ: gəxʷɐhɔ:β̞ʊ -White (ŋɐ:nɐnʊ "Cloud"
ⁿɖɔⁿbɛɪwʊ: gəxʷɐhɔ:β̞ʊ- Red (ⁿɖɔⁿbɛɪ "Blood"
gɛʍɛnʊ: gəxʷɐhɔ:β̞ʊ- Green;Blue;Yellow (gɛʍɛn "Vine"

[yangfiretiger121]

The language looks good, but please Romanize the phones so others can read it.

[Shemtov]

The language looks good, but please Romanize the phones so others can read it.

If you can read IPA to know what phonemes are in it, I don't see why you couldn't read the IPA Morphosyntactic data.

[yangfiretiger121]

The point is morphosyntax isn't always indicative of underlying spelling, not one's ability—or lack thereof—to read it. For example, if a non-English speaker saw "ɪz" in isolation, she'd spell "is" with a z, not the required s.

[Creyeditor]

I don't think that people are required to romanize their conlangs. Phonemic transcription is totally okay.

[Shemtov]

This is a proto-lang at this point, there is no written language, and if there was, it would not be in the Latin Alphabet- I will Romanize the daughters. However, again if you can read the IPA to see the phonemes in the language, I don't see a problem with reading strings of IPA. The Proto-lang is meant for Conlangers' consumption. What you described above is an allomorph, which I note (see Masc. Consonant vs. Masc. Vowel) or is implicitly implied, such as the VH system. If you're saying I have been unclear about which vowel corresponds to the other, say so.

[Shemtov]

Strong verbs are tense verbs that form their future tense by taking the non-future and switching it to lax. These are very common verbs, like /meusɨs/ "To own" /β̞utɨdgɑd/ "to speak" and /tɑʈʉn/ "To run". Note that the verb for "to walk" is a weak verb, as it is lax (/nəsɪ:j/)
So, an example:
tɑʈʉneiɖ ɖɐ rɨdk͡pɑtʉɳ
"I have ran to the Rɨdk͡pɑt"

tɐʈɵnɛɪɖ ɖɐ rɨdk͡pɑtʉɳ
"I will have ran o the Rɨdk͡pɑt"

[yangfiretiger121]

Thanks for reiterating that it's a proto-language, which you said in the opening post. However, I think I clicked into the topic through the last post button, initially, thereby having to read up. Thus, I got confused and overlooked it. On top of that, most conlangers I'm aware of tend to work backward from an existing language. No romanization necessary after all.

[Shemtov]

The infinitive is the verb with the suffix -ɨto:
bu:ktɑ:ri: ɕɑmwɑwɨto sɪsəsɔdɛyɨ
"I want to see a quetzal"
Pronouns:
Personal Pronouns are often dropped before verbs when Nominative; However, they can be inserted for emphasis, and for other cases:
1P Sing.:
Nom: ŋɑ
Accusative: ŋɨ
Dative: ŋɑ:ɕ
Genitive: ŋu:
Prepositional: ŋʉɳ

1P plr:
Nom: ŋɐ
Accusative: ŋə
Dative: ŋɐɕ
Genitive: ŋʊ
Prepositional: ŋɵ

2P sing:
Nom: ʈɑ
Accusative: ʈɨ
Dative: ʈɑ:ɕ
Genitive: ʈu:
Prepositional: ʈʉɳ


2P plr:
Nom: ʈɐ
Accusative: ʈə
Dative: ʈɐɕ
Genitive: ʈʊ
Prepositional: ʈɵ

3P sing Masc:
Nom: kɑ
Accusative: kɨ
Dative: kɑ:ɕ
Genitive: ku
Prepositional: kʉɳ

3p sing Fem:
Nom: ʂɑ:
Accusative: ʂoi
Dative: ʂɑ:ɕɑ:
Genitive: ʂu:
Prepositional: ʂɛʊ

3P plural:
Nom: wɑ
Accusative: wɨ
Dative: wɑ:ɕ
Genitive: wu:
Prepositional: wʉɳ



bu:ktɑ:ri: ɕɑmwɑwɨto ʂoi
"I want to see her"

kɑ bu:ktɑ:ru: ɕɑmwɑwɨto ʂoi
"He wants to see her

kɑ bu:ktɑ:ru: ɕɑmwɑwɨto ŋu: g͡bɔⁿbɔnɛ:jə
"He wants to see my daughter"

Demonstratives:
Prox. Masc sing: kɛ:ɖ
Dist. Masc. sing: kɨm
Prox Fem sing: ʂɛ:ɖɐ:
Dist Fem Sing: ʂɨmeu
Prox plr: wɛ:ɖ
Dist Plr: wɨm


bu:ktɑ:ri: ɕɑmwɑwɨto kɛ:ɖ sɪsəsɔdɛyɨ
"I want to see this quetzal"


bu:ktɑ:ri: ɕɑmwɑwɨto ʂɨmeu g͡bɔⁿbɔnɛ:jə
"I want to see that daughter"

[Shemtov]

A descendant language, in the Southwestern Branch, spoken on an island about 3/4 the size of IRL Kyushu:
To Proto-SW:
Q=/g͡b k͡p xʷ ŋ͡m/ P=labials K=velars C=Palatals
/ɨ/>/i/
/ɵ/>/ə/
/Qu/>/Pu/
/Qu:/>/Pu:/
/Qʊ/>/Pʊ/
/Qʊ:/>/Pʊ/
/Qo/>/Po/
/Qo:/>/Po:/
/Qɔ/>/Pɔ/
/Qɔ:/>/Pɔ:/
/Qɑ/>/Pɑ/
/Qɐ/>/Kɶ/
/Qi/>/Ky/
/Qi:/>/Ky:/
/Qɪ/>/Kʏ/
/Qɪ:/>/Kʏ:/
/Qe/>/Kø/
/Qe:/>/Kø:/
/Qɛ/>/Kœ/
/Qɛ:/>/Kœ:/
/ŋ_/>/w/
/w/>/β̞/
/Ki:/>/Ci/
/_ɖ_/>/ɽ/
/_d_/> /ɾ/
/_s_/>/z/

Proto-SW
/p b ⁿb t d~ɾ ⁿd ʈ ɖ~ɽ ⁿɖ c ɟ ⁿɟ k g ⁿg/
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/f s~z ʂ ɕ x h/
/β̞ ɹ ɻ ʍ/

/i: i y y: ɪ ɪ: ʏ ʏ: e e: ø ø: ɛ ɛ: œ œ: ɶ ɶ: ʉ u u: ʊ ʊ: o o: ɔ ɔ: ɑ: ɐ ɐ:/
/ɑi oi ei ɐɪ ɔɪ ɛɪ ɑu ou eu ɐʊ ɔʊ ɛʊ/


To the lang:
C=Palatal stops and fricatives T=Dental stops and fricatives J=Post-alveolar stops and Fricatives I=high vowels E=Central vowels
/C/>/J
/Ti:/>/Ji/
/I:>I
/ʍ/>f
/h/>/x/
/_E/>∅
/ɽ/>/ɭ/
/ɾ/>/l/
/ɻ/>/ɹ/
/eu/>ø
/ɛʊ/>/œ/
/β/>/v/
/ɑ ɐ/>/a/


/p b ⁿb t d ⁿd ʈ ɖ ⁿɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ⁿd͡ʒg ⁿg/
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/f v s z ʂ ʃ x h
/ ɹ /

/i y ɪ ʏ e e: ø ɛ œ œ: ɶ ɶ: ʉ u ʊ o o: ɔ ɔ: a a:/
/ai oi ei aɪ ɔɪ ɛɪ ɑu ou aʊ ɔʊ /

[sangi39]

I need to look over this properly, but, so fr, my only real question is "how or why does *pɑt become *k͡pɑt in the name of the language?".

[Shemtov]

I need to look over this properly, but, so fr, my only real question is "how or why does *pɑt become *k͡pɑt in the name of the language?".

Egads, the k and tie bar didn't copy over, and I missed it. I feel like an idiot.

[Shemtov]

A descendant language, in the Southwestern Branch, spoken on an island about 3/4 the size of IRL Kyushu:



/p b ⁿb t d ⁿd ʈ ɖ ⁿɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ⁿd͡ʒ g ⁿg/
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/f v s z ʂ ʃ x h
/ ɹ /

/i y ɪ ʏ e e: ø ɛ œ œ: ɶ ɶ: ʉ u ʊ o o: ɔ ɔ: a a:/
/ai oi ei aɪ ɔɪ ɛɪ ɑu ou aʊ ɔʊ /

I'm making a few changes:
- The language is called Khőőtín /xøtin/.
-The change of initial /ŋ/ happens in the Proto-SW transition to Khőtín, and it becomes /w/, as does intervocal /ŋ/
-/j/>ʒ in PSW to Khőőtín
- ʂ, ɕ and x undergo the same change as /s/.
-/ʉ/>/ɨ/ in PSW to Khőőtín
-Retroflex next to a dental becomes two retroflexes.
-Front round diphthongs unround in PSW to Khőőtín

So Khőőtín Phonology and Romanazation:

/p b ⁿb t d ⁿd ʈ ɖ ⁿɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ⁿd͡ʒ g ⁿg/ <p b mb t d nd t̟ d̟ n̟d̟ ch j nj g ng>
/m n ɳ ɲ w~ŋ/ <m n n̟ nh w~nǧ>
/f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ x ɣ / <f v s z s̟ z̟ sh zh kh gh>
/l ɭ/ <l l̟>
/ ɹ / <r>

/i y ɪ ʏ e e: ø ø: ɛ ɛ: œ œ: ɨ ə u ʊ o o: ɔ ɔ: a a:/ <í ű i ü é éé ő őő e ee ö öö ý y ú u ó óó a aa>
/ai oi ei aɪ ɔɪ ɛɪ au ou aʊ ɔʊ /<aí óí éí ai oi ei aú óú au ou>

<'> seperates a nasal from a plain voiced stop.