OK, some things on verbs, but before I do, one final sound change: I will now permit nasal vowels to merge with glides in the same manner as the non-nasal *a vowels, producing nasalised mid vowels. These will be fairly marginal, however they are relevant for today's discussion as they appear in the 3rd person subject markers.
As mentioned before, there is going to be some reshaping of the verbal system to allow for the creation of some more mood distinctions (because I reckon it's areally appropriate), and this will be done by creating a new regular indicative present from
*-ye/yo- stems, and relegating other present tense formations to non-affirmative contexts (note that this means athematic verbs will likely end up being reshaped into thematics, which may prompt some spreading/merging of the athematic and thematic conjugations). Note that this is the regular
*-ye/yo- formation giving suffixes in -i-: irregular forms produced by palatalisation of /k/ or other changes will show reanalysis, e.g. (nə)kɑ̃jɛː "come" <
*gʷm̩joh2, reshaped affirmative kɑ̃jiː). So for the imperfective We have the following formations, taking wəhiː "wear", ɾiːkiː "leave", θəwiː "to hear"
1.
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AFFIR NONAFF
1s wəhiː (nə)wəhɛː
2s wəhih (nə)wəhəh
3s wəhit (nə)wəhət
1p wəhim (nə)wəhəm
2p wəhik (nə)wəhək
3p wəhẽːt (nə)wəhɑ̃ːt
1s ɾiːkiː (nə)ɾinəkmi
2s ɾiːkih (nə)ɾinəkhi
3s ɾiːkit (nə)ɾinəkti
1p ɾiːkim (nə)ɾinkməh
2p ɾiːkik (nə)ɾinktə
3p ɾiːkẽːt (nə)ɾinkɑ̃ːt
1s θəwiː (nə)θənuːm
2s θəwih (nə)θənuːh
3s θəwit (nə)θənuːt
1p θəwim (nə)θənum
2p θəwik (nə)θənuk
3p θəwẽːt (nə)θənõːt
The second person plural forms are derived from
*-tH2-, with the laryngeal causing aspiration and later velarisation of the preceding stop.
Also note that the athematic nasal infix forms seen in
(nə)ɾinəkmi are highly provisional, and are due for some reshaping themselves (particularly due to that retention of the full endings without cluster redution: it's just asking to have the paradigm reshaped), and I've a good mind to do the same to
θənuːm and similar forms to something like the following:
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1s θənuː
2s θənuh
3s θənut
1p θənum
2p θənuk
3p θənõːt
This is effectively identical to having a thematic ending
*-nwe- instead of an athematic
*-new-, and I think I'll probably make this general as a result.
The language also preserves the optative in
*-oy-, and like the
*-ye/yo- suffix it has been extended across the paradigm, like so, using the same three roots as our examples (note the athematic formation of the 1sg).
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1s wəhəjɑ̃ ɾiːkəjɑ̃ θəwəjɑ̃
2s wəhəjəh ɾiːkəjəh θəwəjəh
3s wəhəjət ɾiːkəjət θəwəjət
1p wəhəjəm ɾiːkəjəm θəwəjəm
2p wəhəjək ɾiːkəjək θəwəjək
3p wəhəjɑ̃ːt ɾiːkəjɑ̃ːt θəwəjɑ̃ːt
Finally, a note on copulae. The formation of simple present
*H1esmi "be" in the language ends up being so complex and indeterminate (mainly due to the issues arising from vowel deletion and clusters arising from athematic endings more generally), that I'm going to leave the language zero-copula in affirmative contexts, however with the accompanying particle
*ne things become much simpler, so in light of the already existing Uralic tendencies in this language I'm going to give it a negative copula (potentially later a true negative verb) formed from a collocation
*ne H1esmi and so forth.
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1s nɛːm
2s nɛːh
3s nɛːt
1p nɛːm
2p nɛːk
3p nɛːhɑ̃ːt
I'm happy to leave this form as-is, even if it is mildly defective, and leave any reshapings to the daughter languages.
1note that this present has also been majorly reshaped on the basis of the old present: it appears to reflect a formation along the lines of
*ḱléwyoH2, however the regular reflex of that in the dominant ɕəʂ dialect would be something like *ʂuːyɛː; what appears to have happened is that a ɕək dialect form has been borrowed widely to remove the irregular alternation, and a new present has been formed from that.