A simplified list of sound changes

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Squall
greek
greek
Posts: 526
Joined: 28 Nov 2013 14:47

A simplified list of sound changes

Post by Squall »

I am making a list of possible sound changes that are not unlikely.
This doesn't include random deletions and insertions.
Because it is simplified, some phonemes, such as ɕ ʑ ɸ β q ɢ ɴ, were ignored.

Consonants:
l: ll ɾ n
ll: l ʎ
ɾ: r l
r: ɾ χ
m: mm
mm: m
n: nn l
nn: n ɲ
ŋ: ŋŋ
ŋŋ: ŋ
p: b ph pp
b: p bh bb
ph: bh p f pf
bh: ph b v bv
pp: bb p fp
bb: pp b vb
t: d th tt
d: t dh dd ɾ
th: dh t θ ts
dh: th d ð dz
tt: dd t st
dd: tt d zd
k: k kh kk
g: g gh gg
kh: gh k x kx
gh: kh g ɣ gɣ
kk: gg k xk
gg: kk g ɣg
f: v ph θ ff h
v: f bh ð vv ʋ
ff: vv f
vv: ff v
θ: f s th ts
ð: v z dh dz
s: z ss θ ʃ
z: s zz ð ʒ
ss: s zz
zz: z ss
ʃ: ʒ s x
ʒ: ʃ z ɣ
x: ɣ χ
ɣ: x ɾ
χ: x h
h: x χ
ʎ: l j lj
ɲ: n ˜j nj
lj/jl: ʎ
nj/jn: ɲ
tj/jt: tʃ
dj/jd: dʒ
tj: tsj
dj: dzj
ʃj/jʃ: ç
ʒj/j/ʒ: ʝ
kj/jk: c
gj/jg: ɟ
hj/jh: ç
ts: dz s tʃ θ th
dz: ts z dʒ ð dh
tʃ: dʒ ʃ ts
dʒ: tʃ ʒ dz
ʋ: w v b m
w: ʋ gw
ʝ: ç ʒ
ç: ʝ ʃ
j: ʝ
c: ç kj
ɟ: ʝ gj
ŋg: ŋ g
mb: m b
nd: n d
ŋp/ŋb: ŋkp/ŋgb mp/mb
ŋt/ŋd: ŋkt/ŋgt nt/nd
np/nb: ntp/ndb mp/mb
nk/ng: ntk/ndg ŋk/ŋg
mt/md: mpt/mbd nt/nd
mk/mg: mpk/mbg ŋk/ŋg
nm: mm lm
mn: nn ʎ
k/g[C/F]: j[C/F]
p/b[C/F]: w[C/F]
[V]l[C/F]: [V]w[C/F]
[V]V: [V]h[V]
[V][C/F]: [V]h/χ[C/F]
[V][C/F]: [V]m/n/ŋ[C/F]

Vowel wheel:
ä ɜ ɨ u ʊ o o̞ ɔ ɒ ä æ ɜ e̞ e ɪ i ɨ
i y ɨ u
e ø ɜ o

Vowels:
[V]e/e[V]: [V]i/i[V]
[V]o/o[V]: [V]u/u[V]
ai/ia: e ei/ie
au/ua: o ou/uo
ei/ie: e i
ou/uo: o u
eu/ue: o ø
oi/io: e ɜ
ui/iu: ɨ y
e: ie ue ee ei
o: uo io oo ou


Although some big changes are direct (no intermediate phase), I ignored big changes that should have intermediate phase because the intermediate phoneme is not clearly distinguished in the language.
Example: p -> pʰ -> ɸ˜f ( /pʰ/ may occur as an allophone, and noticed when it becomes /f/)
A real example is in Spanish, which doesn't distinguish /d ð/, but if becomes /z/ in the future, we will know that the change was not direct.
Or in the past: j -> ʝ -> ʒ -> ʃ -> x (the ʒ-phase was skipped because of the lack of voiced fricatives in the language.)
English is not my native language. Sorry for any mistakes or lack of knowledge when I discuss this language.
:bra: :mrgreen: | :uk: [:D] | :esp: [:)] | :epo: [:|] | :lat: [:S] | :jpn: [:'(]
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