3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

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eldin raigmore
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3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by eldin raigmore »

I am looking for certain examples of sets of roots in RL 3Cons natlangs.
For each phenomenon, I'd like the same natlang to have more than one example; and I hope some responder will tell me what natlang has them and what they are and what they mean.
(But if you only know one example, please tell me what it is!)
It'd be nice if, for each phenomenon, I could get more than one natlang that attests it.

1. Is there a natlang 3Cons with six consonants R1, R2, R3, R4, S1, and S2, such that:
1a. Of the four consonant patterns
R1-R2-S1,
R1-R2-S2,
R3-R4-S1, and
R3-R4-S2,
three of them are well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, but the remaining consonant pattern is not a root in the language?

1b. The four consonant patterns
R1-R2-S1,
R1-R2-S2,
R3-R4-S1, and
R3-R4-S2,
are all well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, but it is impossible, given the meanings of any three of them, to even come close to correctly guessing the meaning of the remaining root?

1c. The four consonant patterns
R1-R2-S1,
R1-R2-S2,
R3-R4-S1, and
R3-R4-S2,
are all well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, and it is possible, given the meanings of any three of them, to close-to-correctly guess the meaning of the remaining root?

2. Is there a natlang 3Cons with six consonants R1, R2, R3, R4, P1, and P2, such that:
2a. Of the four consonant patterns
P1-R1-R2,
P2-R1-R2,
P1-R3-R4, and
P2-R3-R4,
three of them are well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, but the remaining consonant pattern is not a root in the language?

2b. The four consonant patterns
P1-R1-R2,
P2-R1-R2,
P1-R3-R4, and
P2-R3-R4,
are all well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, but it is impossible, given the meanings of any three of them, to even come close to correctly guessing the meaning of the remaining root?

2c. The four consonant patterns
P1-R1-R2,
P2-R1-R2,
P1-R3-R4, and
P2-R3-R4,
are all well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, and it is possible, given the meanings of any three of them, to close-to-correctly guess the meaning of the remaining root?

3. Is there a natlang 3Cons with six consonants R1, R2, R3, R4, P, and S, such that:
3a. Of the four consonant patterns
P-R1-R2,
R1-R2-S,
P-R3-R4, and
R3-R4-S,
three of them are well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, but the remaining consonant pattern is not a root in the language?

3b. The four consonant patterns
P-R1-R2,
R1-R2-S,
P-R3-R4, and
R3-R4-S,
are all well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, but it is impossible, given the meanings of any three of them, to even come close to correctly guessing the meaning of the remaining root?

3c. The four consonant patterns
P-R1-R2,
R1-R2-S,
P-R3-R4, and
R3-R4-S,
are all well-formed and attested and meaningful roots in the language, and it is possible, given the meanings of any three of them, to close-to-correctly guess the meaning of the remaining root?
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eldin raigmore
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by eldin raigmore »

1. Are there, in any 3Cons natlang, examples of two roots with exactly the same consonants; but with the order of the last two consonants changed?
Such as C1-C2-C3 and C1-C3-C2 ?
If so, which RL 3Cons natlangs, and which roots, and what are their glosses?

2. Are there, in any 3Cons natlang, examples of two roots with exactly the same consonants; but with the order of the consonants reversed?
Such as C1-C2-C3 and C3-C2-C1 ?
If so, which RL 3Cons natlangs, and which roots, and what are their glosses?

3. Are there, in any 3Cons natlang, examples of two roots with exactly the same consonants; but with the order of the first two consonants changed?
Such as C1-C2-C3 and C2-C1-C3 ?
If so, which RL 3Cons natlangs, and which roots, and what are their glosses?

4. Are there, in any RL 3Cons natlang, examples of two roots, such that consonants of one of them are similar to those of the other, but with some features of two of the consonants exchanged with each other?
Like, maybe, k-t-b and k-d-p? Or m-l-k and p-l-n? Or s-l-m and n-l-f? Or something like that?
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by Davush »

I think Arabic has examples for most of those in the latest post:

1) Q-R-B قرب (to approach) and Q-B-R قبر (to bury)

2) B-Q-R بقر (cattle) and R-Q-B رقب (to oversee, keep watch) or R-Q-Ṣ رقص (to dance) and Ṣ-Q-R صقر (hawk, eagle)

3) Q-R-B قرب (to approach) and R-Q-B رقب (to oversee, keep watch) R-Q-Ṣ (to dance) and Q-R-Ṣ (to scratch, sting)

4) There are probably loads of examples of this especially with plain/pharyngealized pairs, but I don't think the exchanging has any specific patterns. Maybe N-K-L (to recoil) and N-Q-R (to dig, pierce) would be an example. Or Q-R-Ṣ (to sting) vs K-R-S (chair, to lay the foundations).
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by eldin raigmore »

Davush wrote: 12 Nov 2017 15:49I think Arabic has examples for most of those in the latest post:
1) Q-R-B قرب (to approach) and Q-B-R قبر (to bury)
2) B-Q-R بقر (cattle) and R-Q-B رقب (to oversee, keep watch) or R-Q-Ṣ رقص (to dance) and Ṣ-Q-R صقر (hawk, eagle)
3) Q-R-B قرب (to approach) and R-Q-B رقب (to oversee, keep watch) R-Q-Ṣ (to dance) and Q-R-Ṣ (to scratch, sting)
4) There are probably loads of examples of this especially with plain/pharyngealized pairs, but I don't think the exchanging has any specific patterns. Maybe N-K-L (to recoil) and N-Q-R (to dig, pierce) would be an example. Or Q-R-Ṣ (to sting) vs K-R-S (chair, to lay the foundations).
Thanks very much, Darvush! --- Is there any wordplay in Arabic literature about any such word-pairs?
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by Tuyono »

A nice one in Hebrew:

k.ʃ.r ק.ש.ר - tie, knot, connect, communicate
k.r.ʃ ק.ר.ש - congulate; plank of wood
ʃ.k.r ש.ק.ר - lie, false
ʃ.r.k ש.ר.ק - whistle

And one that many people must have thought about, but I did only now:
l.ħ.m ל.ח.מ - fight, war (but also leħem לחם - bread)
m.ħ.l מ.ח.ל - to forgive
Also:
ħ.m.l ח.מ.ל- compassion (probably related to the previous one but I don't have a source in English)
m.l.ħ מ.ל.ח - salt
ħ.l.m ח.ל.מ - dream

*l.m.ħ is not a root though [:P]

I should note that /ħ/ is not how I pronounce ח - for most people it has merged with כ, but it's clearer this way since they are still written with different letters.

Need more?
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by eldin raigmore »

Tuyono wrote: 30 Nov 2017 19:54 A nice one in Hebrew:
k.ʃ.r ק.ש.ר - tie, knot, connect, communicate
k.r.ʃ ק.ר.ש - congulate; plank of wood
ʃ.k.r ש.ק.ר - lie, false
ʃ.r.k ש.ר.ק - whistle
By "congulate" did you mean "coagulate" or "cingulate" or what?
Edit: According to your next post you (must have) meant "coagulate" (aka "clot"). To me that's very akin semantically to "knot" etc.



Tuyono wrote: 30 Nov 2017 19:54And one that many people must have thought about, but I did only now:
l.ħ.m ל.ח.מ - fight, war (but also leħem לחם - bread)
m.ħ.l מ.ח.ל - to forgive
Also:
ħ.m.l ח.מ.ל- compassion (probably related to the previous one but I don't have a source in English)
m.l.ħ מ.ל.ח - salt
ħ.l.m ח.ל.מ - dream
*l.m.ħ is not a root though [:P]
I should note that /ħ/ is not how I pronounce ח - for most people it has merged with כ, but it's clearer this way since they are still written with different letters.
Wow! Thanks, Tuyono!


Tuyono wrote: 30 Nov 2017 19:54Need more?
"Need"? Maybe so, or maybe not.
But "Want"? Definitely!
Thanks!
Last edited by eldin raigmore on 05 Dec 2017 18:16, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by Tuyono »

I don't know how I came up with that translation, but checking again it should be "to clot, to gel, to congeal" and it mostly refers to blood. Anyway the problem was my English [;)]

Turnes out there are a lot more of these than I thought, and this reminded me that we don't really pay attention to the roots in everyday use. It also makes them hard for me to trsnslate.
I'll post more examples when I have time later today.
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by eldin raigmore »

Tuyono wrote: 05 Dec 2017 10:59I don't know how I came up with that translation, but checking again it should be "to clot, to gel, to congeal" and it mostly refers to blood. Anyway the problem was my English [;)]
"Clot" and "coagulate" are near-synonyms in English, at least when they're both verbs and refer to blood.
Also, to my understanding at least, this is semantically close kin to the "knot, tie, etc." notions. A wound has to "clot" before it can "knit".
I'm not sure how or why the "plank of wood" idea fits in; but in English we do have "clot of earth" (aka "clod") and "knot of wood" (aka "boll", but there are also "bolls of cotton").


Tuyono wrote: 05 Dec 2017 10:59Turns out there are a lot more of these than I thought, and this reminded me that we don't really pay attention to the roots in everyday use. It also makes them hard for me to translate. I'll post more examples when I have time later today.
Cool! [B)] Thanks! [:)]
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by Tuyono »

I forgot about it yesterday but better late than never:

ʃ.t.l ש.ת.ל - (to) plant
t.l.ʃ ת.ל.ש - pull out, detach, tear off

l.k.ħ .ל.ק.ח -take
ħ.l.k ח.ל.ק - part (noun), divide, disagree distribute, share - a root with many derivations that I find hard to think about as a single word.
eldin raigmore wrote: 05 Dec 2017 18:23
I'm not sure how or why the "plank of wood" idea fits in; but in English we do have "clot of earth" (aka "clod") and "knot of wood" (aka "boll", but there are also "bolls of cotton").
I think in Hebrew it originally just described a piece of solid material.
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Re: 3Cons Natlangs in RL; small patterned groups of roots

Post by eldin raigmore »

@Tuyono (or anyone):
Do you have any Hebrew (or other 3Cons natlang) answers to:
eldin raigmore wrote: 12 Nov 2017 04:59 4. Are there, in any RL 3Cons natlang, examples of two roots, such that consonants of one of them are similar to those of the other, but with some features of two of the consonants exchanged with each other?
Like, maybe, k-t-b and k-d-p? Or m-l-k and p-l-n? Or s-l-m and n-l-f? Or something like that?
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