Snowball

[Lao Kou]

Géarthnuns

Öçek la sü knönahaileksüt gdez.
[ø'ɕɛk 'la sy 'knønahaj'lɛksyt 'gdɛz]
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF snowball-ACC throw
You throw a snowball.

Sü knönahaileks lat gdez.
[sy 'knøna'hajlɛks 'lat 'gdɛz]
INDEF snowball-NOM AUX.PRES.PASS throw
A snowball is thrown.

Sü knönahaileks lat öçken gdez.
[sy 'knøna'hajlɛks 'lat 'øɕkɛn 'gdɛz]
INDEF snowball-NOM AUX.PRES.PASS 2SG-INSTR throw
A snowball is thrown by you.

[H.Á.]

Hrokiut-úcji myllny irrak.
[ˈhɾo.kɨˌtʊu̯.ʰt͡ɕaɪ̯ ˈmyɬ.ny ˈɦi.rɐk]
Snow-ESS=ball-ACC PRES-IND-throw.INF AUX.(2.ERG-3.ACC.IO.INAN)
Hrok-iut=úcja-i Ø-Ø-myllny ir-rak
= You throw a snowball.

also possible:
Hrokiut-úcji myllnýr.
[ˈhɾo.kɨˌtʊu̯.ʰt͡ɕaɪ̯ ˈmyɬ.nʏɵ̯ɾ]
Snow-ESS=ball-ACC throw-PRES-IND-SG-2
Hrok-iut=úcja-i mylln-Ø-Ø-Ø-ýr
= You throw a snowball.

Myllnyja hrokiut-úcjadag.
[ˈmyɬ.nyˌja ˈhɾo.kɨˌtʊu̯.ʰt͡ɕa.ðɐ]
throw.INF-AP snow-ESS=ball-CAUS
myllny-ja hrok-iut=úcja-dag
= A snowball is thrown.

Myllnyjýr hrokiut-úcjadag.
[myɬ.nyˌɥɵɾ ˈhɾo.kɨˌtʊu̯.ʰt͡ɕa.ðɐ]
myllny-ja-ý-r hrok-iut=úcja-dag
throw.INF-AP-SG-2 snow-ESS=ball-CAUS
= A snowball is thrown by you.

[Creyeditor]

Ponuhi
საი გაუნაუ ქუნუდაი ვაისაი ფალაილუ჻
Se kono hunute wese falelu.
[sai ˈkɔ.nɔ xu.ˈnu.tai ˈwai.sai fa.ˈlai.lu]
Se-Ø kono hunute wese falelu-Ø.
2.SG.HUM.AGE to throw INCEP snow-INAM.PAT
You throw a snowball.

გაუნაუ ქუნუდაი ვაისაი ფალაილუ჻
Kono hunute wese falelu.
[ˈkɔ.nɔ xu.ˈnu.tai ˈwai.sai fa.ˈlai.lu]
kono hunute wese falelu-Ø.
to throw INCEP snow-INAM.PAT
A snowball is thrown.

გაუნაუ ქუნუდაი ვაისაი ფალაილუ საილაი჻
Kono hunute wese falelu sele.
[ˈkɔ.nɔ xu.ˈnu.tai ˈwai.sai fa.ˈlai.lu ˈsai.lai]
kono hunute wese falelu-Ø se-le.
to throw INCEP snow-INAM.PAT 2.SG-HUM.OBL
A snowball is thrown by you.

Edit: Added script

[Chagen]

Pazmat: No passive voice, but there's ways of handling this.

Nagwelzaltos sjarfe.
snow-ball-ACC throw-2ND.SING

Nagwelzaltos sjarno.
snow-ball-ACC throw-4TH.PER

Fōsc Nagwelzaltos sjarno
2ND.SING-LOC snow-ball-ACC throw-4TH.PER

[atman]

Atlantika glosa

Qiyosferan riptes.
/xijo'sfɛran 'riptes/
snow-ball-ACC throw-2SG.
You throw a snowball.

Qiyosfera riptore.
/xijo'sfɛra 'riptore/
snow-ball throw-PASS-3SG
A snowball is thrown.

Qiyosfera sishav riptore.
/xijo'sfɛra 'siʃ av 'riptore/
snow-ball you-AGENT throw-PASS-3SG
A snowball is thrown by you.

[Aseca]

1. dirvilava (throw) = dir.vi.lava (aim.other.move)
--> dirvi.lu (weak verb form) +ya (passive/causative)
= dirviluuya ([cause to be] thrown)
2. aakvaloha (snowball) = aa.ka.vala.vaha (many.small.ice.ball)
(aa.k/.vala.v/ha; av --> o; = aakvalavha --> aakvaloha)

Aakvalohim dirvilavasi.
/ɑkʋɐ.lo.hĩ dɹ.ʋilə.ʋəsi/
snow.ball(acc) throw(2sg)
You throw a snowball.

Aakvalohud dirviluuyati.
/ɑ.kʋɐ.lo.hʊd dɹ.ʋi.lu.jəti/
snow.ball(pass) thrown(caus/pass-3sg)
A snowball is thrown.

Tvaid' aakvalohud dirviluuyati.
/tʋɑɪ.dɑ.kʋɐ.lo.hʊd dɹ.ʋi.lu.jəti/
2sg(instr) snow.ball(pass) throw(caus/pass-3sg)
A snowball is thrown by you.

[kiwikami]

Culphecc Glyw

Pontycf awaalbc.
throw-2S.PRS INDEF.ACC-snowball
You throw a snowball.

Waalbc cf'pontycn.
INDEF.NOM-snowball PASS-throw-3S.PRS
A snowball is thrown.

Waalbc cf'pontycnwn-fw.
INDEF.NOM-snowball PASS-throw-3S.PRS-ERG-2S
A snowball is thrown by you.

[hippopotame]

Hesdiva

Zhehònsularë hvastam.
You throw a snowball.

Hvastiffa iyá zhehònsula.
A snowball is thrown.

Láán imma hvastiffa iyá zhehònsula.
A snowball is thrown by you.

[zee]

Ǵigvap

Vetranip tek ens sneþkel
throw-PRES 2SG.NOM INDEF.ACC.SG snow-ball
You throw a snowball

Vetranipes els sneþkel
throw-PASS.PRES INDEF.NOM.SG snow-ball
A snowball is thrown

Vetranipes els sneþkel aǵ tulid
throw-PASS.PRES INDEF.NOM.SG snow-ball
A snowball is thrown by you

[Chagen]

Pazmat: No passive voice, but there's ways of handling this.

Nagwelzaltos sjarfe.
snow-ball-ACC throw-2ND.SING

Nagwelzaltos sjarno.
snow-ball-ACC throw-4TH.PER

Fōsc Nagwelzaltos sjarno
2ND.SING-LOC snow-ball-ACC throw-4TH.PER

This is now old and and incorrect.We passive voice now:

Nagwelzaltos sjarfe.
snow-ball-ACC throw-2ND.SING

Nagwelzaltri sjarovam ya.
snow-ball-ABSOL throw-PTCPL.INTRANS be

Nagwelzaltri Falb sjaribus ya
snow-ball-ABSOL 2SG-ERG throw-PTCPL.TRANS be

[Click]

Kàipói:

Lai matì xahái no póio.
[lai̯˧ bɐ˧.ʤĩ˨ ʔɐ˧.ɦai̯˦ dɔ˧.bʷoi̯˦.o˧]
2SG throw ball GEN snow
You throw a snowball.

Matì xahái no póio.
[bɐ˧.ʤĩ˨ ʔɐ˧.ɦai̯˦ dɔ˧.bʷoi̯˦.o˧]
throw ball GEN snow
A snowball is thrown.

Matì cì lai xahái no póio.
[bɐ˧.ʤĩ˨ ʃɪ̃˨.lai̯˧ ʔɐ˧.ɦai̯˦ dɔ˧.bʷoi̯˦.o˧]
throw INS 2SG ball GEN snow
A snowball is thrown by you.

It's time for an update!

Káipoi

Pa píri ràmo.
NSPKR=throw ball
You throw a ball.

Píri ràmo.
throw ball
A ball is thrown.

There is no passive construction so the subject (ball) gets a relative clause that describes what happens to it.

Ràmo pa píri.
ball NSPKR throw
A ball is thrown by you. (a ball that you throw)

[Click]

Cveban

Cveban has no passive voice.

Kčéba pštvéčire.
snowball throw-2SG-3SG
You throw a snowball.

Kčéba pštvénia.
snowball throw-3SG
A snowball is thrown.

Ab kčéba pštvéčire.
ANTIPASS snowball throw-2SG-3SG
A snowball is thrown by you.

[Prinsessa]

Vanga is a sort of animate-inanimate and/or active-stative language, and really just wouldn't express this passively in the case of the last example.

koutȧhvų
k<u>w+t<Ø>hw-m
you throw snow
snow<AUG>.NOM.STAT+shot-2
[ˈkɔʊ̯ˌd̠ɑʍːɔ̃ɴ̚]

It would be pretty clear that a snowball was meant here, but if absolutely necessary:

kouhȧpsų tahvomava
k<u>w+h<Ø>ps-m t<Ø>hw-m-a-wa
you weave snow and throw it
snow<AUG>.NOM.STAT+web<PRES>-2 shot-2-TR-3
[ˈkɔʊ̯ˌʕɑɸs̻ɔ̃n̠ ˈd̠ɑʍm̩.ɔː]

'Weaving snow' is the conventional way of saying 'rolling a snowball' in Vanga.

koutȧhvas ~ koutȧhvah
k<u>w+t<Ø>hw-H(-s)
snow is thrown ~ s/he throws snow
snow<AUG>.NOM.STAT+shot-3(-PASS)
[ˈkɔʊ̯ˌd̠ɑʍːɐs̻ ~ ˈkɔʊ̯ˌd̠ɑʍːɑħ]

[Alessio]

Italiano
Tiri una palla di neve.
/'tiːri 'una 'palːa di 'neːve/
throw.2SG INDEF.F ball of snow
You throw a snowball.

Una palla di neve è/viene tirata.
/'una 'palːa di 'neːve ε~'vjεne ti'raːta/
INDEF.F ball of snow be.3SG/come.3SG throw.PART.PAST
A snowball is thrown.

Una palla di neve è/viene tirata da te.
/'una 'palːa di 'neːve ε~'vjεne ti'raːta da te/
INDEF.F ball of snow be.3SG/come.3SG throw.PART.PAST AGENT 2SG.OBL.TONIC
A snowball is thrown by you.

Note that all these sentences sound very unnatural to my Italian ears. Using the present tense in this way is extremely rare. I'd rather use a present progressive, at least in the first sentence (stai tirando una palla di neve).

Hecathver
Daki xernes rijilznôrls.
/'daxi 'dzernes ri'ʒil.znɔr(l)s/
2SG.ERG throw.2SG snow+ball.ACC
You throw a snowball.

Jit rijilznôrl eit xerniş.
/ʒit ri'ʒil.znɔrl ei̯t 'dzerniʃ/
INDEF snow+ball undergo.3SG throw.PART.PASSIVE
A snowball is thrown.

Jit rijilznôrl eit xerniş dek daki.
/ʒit ri'ʒil.znɔrl ei̯t 'dzerniʃ dex 'daxi/
INDEF snow+ball undergo.3SG throw.PART.PASSIVE AGENT 2SG.ERG
A snowball is thrown by you.

[Ahzoh]

Зе бжеса то синович.
Zé bžésa to sýnovýč.
I-NOM. Throw-PRES. ACC=snowball
I throw snowball.

Синовичей џа бжесам.
Sýnovýčéj dža bžésam.
Snowball-NOM. PP=throw-PST
Snowball (is) thrown.

Синовичей џа бжесам тіку кан.
Sýnovýčéj dža bžésam tiků kan.
Snowball-NOM. PP=throw-PST from you-ACC.
Snowball (is) thrown from you.

not sure if "from you" can be a logical structure in this case, but my language doesn't have pronouns for instrumental.

[kiwikami]

Ṿnwj? (still not sure how to name this thing yet)

W jqjncfżrṙj kpjṿṅs.
/ʋ̩ iǁiŋǃfzˠrʁʲ k͡pʼivˠɴs/
1s.RUST.ERG <round>cold-water-weather-TEPID.ABS throw-TEPID.ABS-RUST.ERG.
I throw a snowball.

Jqjncfżrkpjṿṙj xṅ.
/iǁiŋǃfzˠrk͡pʼivˠʁʲ χɴ/
<round>cold-water-weather-TEPID-VN-throw-TEPID.ABS exist-TEPID.ABS
The throwing of a snowball occurs.

Jqjncfżrkpjṿṙj pxṅ.
/iǁiŋǃfzˠrk͡pʼivˠʁʲ pʼχɴ/
<round>cold-water-weather-TEPID-VN-throw-TEPID.ABS 2s.RUST.GEN-exist-TEPID.ABS
The throwing of a snowball by you occurs.

This 'lang does not have passive voice per say, so a workaround was required.
It also has some phonological issues. Mostly little things like compatibility with human vocal cords.

[Plusquamperfekt]

Miwonša

Čopnišan piwo yažwiloi.
throw-2SG-IPFV ball-SG snow-ATTR-ACC.SG

Piwo yažwilo čopnjaran.
ball-SG snow-ATTR-NOM.SG throw-PASS-IPFV

Piwo yažwilo čopnjaran šayak.
ball-SG snow-ATTR-NOM.SG throw-PASS-IPFV 2SG.GEN-by

[DesEsseintes]

Nınuıntı

Nınuıntı only has proper passive constructions for habitual and completed actions. There is no passive construction with the agent as an oblique argument. So the following are the closest equivalent translations in Nınuıntı.

Uıltııtı tılıpaı nulpam.
[weld͡ziːd͡zɪ t͡sɪʎɪbe nʊlbɐm]
throw-2s ball snow
You throw a snowball.

Uıltıımı tılıpaıa nulpam.
[weld͡ziːmɪ t͡sɪʎɪbɐjɐ nʊlbɐm]
throw-REFL ball-PL snow
Snowballs are (regularly) thrown.

Uıltıucan tılıpaı nulpam.
[weld͡zogɐn t͡sɪʎɪbe nʊlbɐm]
throw-PASS ball snow
A/The snowball has been thrown.

[Bagliun Edar]

Obulamga

Gevrababamdo yieremimjo vibezothularyur.
[ˈgɛvɾabaˌbamdɔ ˈʎiɛɾɛˌmimʒɔ ˈvibɛzɔðuˌlaɾʎuɾ]
gevra-ba-bam-do yieremim-jo vibezothular-yur
hand-DEF-[ERG]-yours-TOP throw-IND.POL snowball-INDF.SG-[ACC]
You throw a snowball.
(lit. Your hand throws a snowball.)

Vibezothularyurdɔ yieremimjōr.
[ˈvibɛzɔðulaɾˌʎuɾdɔ ˈʎiɛɾɛˌmimʒɔːɾ]
vibezothular-yur-dɔ yieremim-jo-or
snowball-INDF.SG-[ACC]-TOP throw-IND.POL-PASS
A snowball is thrown.

Vibezothularyurdo yieremimjōr gevrababalbam.
[ˈvibɛzɔðulaɾˌʎuɾdɔ ˈʎiɛɾɛˌmimʒɔːɾ ˈgɛvɾabaˌbalbam]
vibezothular-yur-do yieremim-jo-or gevra-ba-bal-bam
snowball-INDF.SG-[ACC]-TOP throw-IND.POL-PASS hand-DEF-ERG-yours
A snowball is thrown by you.
(lit. A snowball is thrown by your hand.)

[Chagen]

Heocg

Hecizuotys is basically Southeast Asia so there's almost no snow there. The word for "snow" is also the word for "ice" for this reason as they found little need to distinguish them.

Dah pangabhuwa slib
2SG.NOM snowball-ACC.SG throw.PRES

Pangabhų slibtya
snowball-NOM.SG throw.PRES-PASS

Pangabhų dhrtya slibtya
snowball-NOM.SG 2SG.INSTR throw.PRES-PASS