Existential and locational clauses

[GrandPiano]

Spanish

Hay un gato en la casa.
[aj uŋ ˈgato en la ˈkasa]
hay un gato-Ø en la casa-Ø
there.is INDF.M.SG cat-SG in DEF.F.SG house-SG
There's a cat in the house.

El gato está en la casa.
[el ˈɣ̞ato esˈta en la ˈkasa]
el gato-Ø está en la casa-Ø
DEF.M.SG cat-SG COP.3SG.PRS.IND in DEF.F.SG house-SG
The cat is in the house.

No hay ningún gato en la casa.
[no aj niŋˈguŋ ˈgato en la ˈkasa]
no hay ningún gato-Ø en la casa-Ø
NEG there.is no cat-SG in DEF.F.SG house-SG
There's no cat in the house.

El gato no está en la casa.
[el ˈɣ̞ato no esˈta en la ˈkasa]
el gato-Ø no está en la casa-Ø
DEF.M.SG cat-SG NEG COP.3SG.PRS.IND in DEF.F.SG house-SG
The cat is not in the house.

If the cat being referred to is known to be feminine, "gato" can be replaced with its feminine equivalent, "gata" (in which case "un gato" and "el gato" become "una gata" and "la gata").

[Imralu]

Swahili:

(1) There's a cat in the house.

• Mna paka nyumbani.
  [ˈm̩.na ˈpʰa.ka ɲu.ˈmba.ni]
  mw-na ny-paka ny-umba-ni
  XVIII-with IX-cat IX-house-LOC

(2) The cat is in the house.

• Paka yumo nyumbani.
  [ˈpʰa.ka ˈju.mo ɲu.ˈmba.ni]
  ny-paka yu-mo ny-umba-ni
  IX-cat 3.ANIM.SG-be.LOC.XVIII IX-house-LOC

(3) There's no cat in the house.

• Hamna paka nyumbani.
  [ha.ˈm̩.na ˈpʰa.ka ɲu.ˈmba.ni]
  ha-mw-na ny-paka ny-umba-ni
  NEG-XVIII-with IX-cat IX-house-LOC

(4) The cat is not in the house.

• Paka hayumo nyumbani.
  [ˈpʰa.ka ha.ˈju.mo ɲu.ˈmba.ni]
  ny-paka hayu-mo ny-umba-ni
  IX-cat NEG-3.ANIM.SG-be.LOC.XVIII IX-house-LOC

Notes:
Roman numerals in glosses are genders in accordance with the standard Bantu numbering system (in Roman numerals so they don't look like grammatical persons). Animate nouns take agreement for classes 1/2 no matter what class they belong to (with the exception of genitives for class 9/10), hence the lack of agreement with the class 9/10 noun for "cat".

Class XVIII, the mu-locative, is a locative class meaning "inside". I still can't quite get my head around how the agreement with locatives works syntactically, but I'm reasonably confident of these sentences because they're fairly simple.

The three locative classes, XVI, XVII and XVIII are only marked on nouns through the -ni suffix, which overrides whatever noun-class the noun belongs to without it (locative agreements in the rest of the sentence show if it means exact location, approximate location or internal location). For example, to say "in my house", I can't use the class IX agreement on "my" anymore but have to use a locative agreement. The -ni doesn't occur on nouns that inherently mark places, such as place names, or on names for times of day, recent loan-words ... and just random other words. Some words for places and many place names are derived from other words with the addition of this -ni suffix.

Incidentally, hakuna as in hakuna matata is the same as hamna except replacing XVIII (internal location) with XVII (approximate location), essentially meaning "aroundy-place is not with", ie. "there is no".

Hapana (class XVI) = "there is no ... at an exact location" (just used as the common word for "no").
Hakuna (class XVII) = "there is no ... at an inexact location" (ie. general there isn't)
Hamna (class XVIII) = "there is no ... in an internal location"

Hmmm, feels like a conlang to me.

[Squall]

Juraban
(1) There's a cat in the house.
Un neko setas ne toka.
one cat be_present-PRS LOC.DEF house.

(2) The cat is in the house.
Le neko se ne toka.
DEF cat be.PRS in_the house.

(3) There's no cat in the house.
Nu neko setas ne toka.
zero cat be_present-PRS LOC.DEF house.

(4) The cat is not in the house.
Le neko son ne toka.
DEF cat be.PRS.NEG LOC.DEF house.

[Frislander]

O Kanã

trikiki o diro o njẽẽ
[ʈʳiki↓ki o ⁿdi↓ɽo o ɲẽː]
APPL-exist-3.ERG N house N cat
There is a cat in the house

beeki o njẽẽ te o diro
[ⁿbeː↓ki o ɲẽː te o ⁿdi↓ɽo]
sit N cat LOC N house
The cat is in the house.

trimõki o diro o njẽẽ
[ʈʳimõ↓ki o ⁿdi↓ɽo o ɲẽː]
APPL-not.exist-3.ERG N house N cat
There is not cat in the house

ẽ beeki o njẽẽ te o diro
[ẽ ⁿbeː↓ki o ɲẽː te o ⁿdi↓ɽo]
NEG sit N cat LOC N house
The cat is not in the house

(This gave me a nice opportunity to add a negative existential verb to the language.)

[Iyionaku]

Mandarin

在房子里有猫。
Zài fángzi li yǒu māo.
at house inside there_is cat
There is a cat in the house.

猫在房子里。
Māo zài fángzi lǐ.
cat at house inside
A cat is in the house.

在房子里没有猫。
Zài fángzi lǐ méiyǒu māo.
at house inside not_exist cat
There is no cat in the house.

猫不在房子里。
Māo bù zài fángzi lǐ.
cat NEG at house inside
The house is not in the cat.

[Lao Kou]

Mandarin

房子里有猫。
Fángzi li yǒu māo.
house inside there_is cat
There is a cat in the house.

猫在房子里。
Māo zài fángzi lǐ.
cat at house inside
The cat is in the house.

房子里没(有)猫。
Fángzi lǐ méi(yǒu) māo.
house inside not_exist cat
There isn't a cat in the house.

猫不在房子里。
Māo bù zài fángzi lǐ.
cat NEG at house inside
The cat is not in the house.

我以为看见了只猫咪。
I tawt I taw a puddy tat.

[Reyzadren]

Removed.

[Xing]

Xingish

Yucubdir er-la in hus.
yucub-dir er-la in hus
Youtube-animal be-DIST LOC house
[juːʧʊbiːɾ eːɾla ɪn hʊs]
There's a cat in the house.

Yucubdir er in hus.
yucub-dir er in hus
Youtube-animal be LOC house
[juːʧʊbiːɾ eːɾ ɪn hʊs]
The cat is in the house.

Yucubdir er ni-la in hus.
yucub-dir er ni-la in hus
Youtube-animal be NEG-DIST LOC house
[juːʧʊbiːɾ eːɾ niːla ɪn hʊs]
There's no cat in the house.

Yucubdir er ni in hus.
yucub-dir er in hus
Youtube-animal be LOC house
[juːʧʊbiːɾ eːɾ niː ɪn hʊs]
The cat is not in the house.