Existential and locational clauses
Existential and locational clauses
(1) There's a cat in the house.
(2) The cat is in the house.
(3) There's no cat in the house.
(4) The cat is not in the house.
Wakeu
E nea ta wara ki ta maro. (Can mean either (1) or (2).
PRS be_located SG cat LOC SG house
/e neːa ta waːra kiː ta maro/
[e nʲeːa tʲa β̞ɰɑːɾa kiː tʲa mʲaːɾo]
E kuni ta wara ki ta maro. (Can mean either (3) or (4).)
PRS be_located.NEG SG cat LOC SG house
/e kuːni ta waːra kiː ta maːro/
[e ˈkʷuːnʲi tʲa ˈβ̞͡ɰɑːɾa kiː tʲa ˈmʲaːɾo]
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Ket feljixx leb oknigeljeq.
INDF.ART cat DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
There's a cat in the house.
Leb feljixx leb oknigeljeq.
DEF.ART cat DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
The cat is in the house.
Detfeljixx leb oknigeljeq.
nothing.INDF-cat DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
There's no cat in the house.
Leb feljixx dexxe leb oknigeljeq.
DEF.ART cat NEG DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
The cat is not in the house.
INDF.ART cat DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
There's a cat in the house.
Leb feljixx leb oknigeljeq.
DEF.ART cat DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
The cat is in the house.
Detfeljixx leb oknigeljeq.
nothing.INDF-cat DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
There's no cat in the house.
Leb feljixx dexxe leb oknigeljeq.
DEF.ART cat NEG DEF.ART house-INE-3SG
The cat is not in the house.
Maxédri
Faljüdax
-
- greek
- Posts: 668
- Joined: 27 Aug 2012 14:59
- Location: tʰæ.ɹʷˠə.ˈgɜʉ̯.nɜ kʰæ.tə.ˈlɜʉ̯.nʲɜ spɛ̝ɪ̯n ˈjʏː.ɹəʔp
Re: Existential and locational clauses
From memory, except I can't remember Alahithian for "house" so we hav <has>
Felis etheyt pa has thupa.
[ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈejt pa has ʈu.pa]
felis ethey-t pa has thupa
cat exist-PRS DEF house within
There's a cat in the house.
Pa felis etheyt pa has thupa.
[pa ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈejt pa has ʈu.pa]
pa felis ethey-t pa has thupa
DEF cat exist-PRS DEF house within
The cat is in the house.
Felis etheytel has thupa.
[ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈej.teɭ pa has ʈu.pa]
felis ethey-t-el pa has thupa
cat exist-PRS-NEG DEF house within
There's no cat in the house.
Pa felis etheytel pa has thupa.
[pa ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈej.teɭ pa has ʈu.pa]
pa felis ethey-t-el pa has thupa
DEF cat exist-PRS-NEG DEF house within
The cat is not in the house.
Felis etheyt pa has thupa.
[ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈejt pa has ʈu.pa]
felis ethey-t pa has thupa
cat exist-PRS DEF house within
There's a cat in the house.
Pa felis etheyt pa has thupa.
[pa ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈejt pa has ʈu.pa]
pa felis ethey-t pa has thupa
DEF cat exist-PRS DEF house within
The cat is in the house.
Felis etheytel has thupa.
[ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈej.teɭ pa has ʈu.pa]
felis ethey-t-el pa has thupa
cat exist-PRS-NEG DEF house within
There's no cat in the house.
Pa felis etheytel pa has thupa.
[pa ˈfe.ɭis e.ʈej.teɭ pa has ʈu.pa]
pa felis ethey-t-el pa has thupa
DEF cat exist-PRS-NEG DEF house within
The cat is not in the house.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Pazamat:
Tuuc Gjatiidh xiidhcjid.
cat house-LOC in-existential.be-3RD.SING.NEU
Tuuc Gjatiidh xicjid.
cat house-LOC in-be.3RD.SING.NEU
Ixni Tuuc Gjatiidh xiidhcjid.
no-ADJ cat house-LOC in-existential.be-3RD.SING.NEU
Tuuc Gjatiidh xicjidix.
cat house-LOC in-be.3RD.SING.NEU-NEG
Tuuc Gjatiidh xiidhcjid.
cat house-LOC in-existential.be-3RD.SING.NEU
Tuuc Gjatiidh xicjid.
cat house-LOC in-be.3RD.SING.NEU
Ixni Tuuc Gjatiidh xiidhcjid.
no-ADJ cat house-LOC in-existential.be-3RD.SING.NEU
Tuuc Gjatiidh xicjidix.
cat house-LOC in-be.3RD.SING.NEU-NEG
Nūdenku waga honji ma naku honyasi ne ika-ika ichamase!
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Géarthnuns
Sau teshers la chö béöbsöv miçnakh.
[sɔ 'tɛʃɛɾs ˌla tʃø be'øbsøv 'mɪɕnax]
INDEF cat-NOM AUX.PRES DEF house-LOC there.be
There's a cat in the house.
Chau teshers la chö béöbsöv mal.
[tʃɔ 'tɛʃɛɾs ˌla tʃø be'øbsøv 'mal]
DEF cat-NOM AUX.PRES DEF house-LOC be.present
The cat is in the house.
Fau teshems la vö béökhsöv miçnakh.
[fɔ 'tɛʃɛms ˌla vø be'øxsøv 'mɪɕnax]
INDEF.NEG cat-NOM.NEG AUX.PRES DEF.NEG house-LOC.NEG there.be
There's no cat in the house.
Vau teshems la vö béökhsöv mal.
[vɔ 'tɛʃɛms ˌla vø be'øxsøv 'mal]
DEF.NEG cat-NOM.NEG AUX.PRES DEF.NEG house-LOC.NEG be.present
The cat is not in the house.
Sau teshers la chö béöbsöv miçnakh.
[sɔ 'tɛʃɛɾs ˌla tʃø be'øbsøv 'mɪɕnax]
INDEF cat-NOM AUX.PRES DEF house-LOC there.be
There's a cat in the house.
Chau teshers la chö béöbsöv mal.
[tʃɔ 'tɛʃɛɾs ˌla tʃø be'øbsøv 'mal]
DEF cat-NOM AUX.PRES DEF house-LOC be.present
The cat is in the house.
Fau teshems la vö béökhsöv miçnakh.
[fɔ 'tɛʃɛms ˌla vø be'øxsøv 'mɪɕnax]
INDEF.NEG cat-NOM.NEG AUX.PRES DEF.NEG house-LOC.NEG there.be
There's no cat in the house.
Vau teshems la vö béökhsöv mal.
[vɔ 'tɛʃɛms ˌla vø be'øxsøv 'mal]
DEF.NEG cat-NOM.NEG AUX.PRES DEF.NEG house-LOC.NEG be.present
The cat is not in the house.
Last edited by Lao Kou on 15 Mar 2016 15:12, edited 2 times in total.
☯ 道可道,非常道
☯ 名可名,非常名
☯ 名可名,非常名
Re: Existential and locational clauses
1) There's an animal in the house.
2) The animal is in the house.
3) There's no animal in the house.
4) The animal is not in the house.
Zidhgebzhail
1/2) kiel har-igaarrwouth
kiel-Ø har-igaarr-wouth
animal-ABS.SG.M COP-house-INESSIVE.SG.M
Animal is in house.
3/4) kiel hoir-igaarwouth
kiel-Ø hoir-igaarr-wouth
animal-ABS.SG.M NEG_COP-house-INESSIVE.SG.M
Animal is not in house.
- Creyeditor
- MVP
- Posts: 5091
- Joined: 14 Aug 2012 19:32
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Ponuhi
Hukifeki susimelu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.ki su.si.ˈmai.lu]
hukife-ki susime-lu
cat-DIM.PAT house-AUG.OBL
There's a cat in the house.
Hukifene susimelu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.nai su.si.ˈmai.lu]
hukife-ne susime-lu
cat-DIM.AGE house-AUG.OBL
The cat is in the house.
Hukifeki susimelu wu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.ki su.si.ˈmai.lu wu]
hukife-ki susime-lu wu
cat-DIM.PAT house-AUG.OBL NEG
There's no cat in the house.
Hukifene susimelu wu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.nai su.si.ˈmai.lu wu]
hukife-ne susime-lu wu
cat-DIM.AGE house-AUG.OBL NEG
The cat is not in the house.
The copula is dropped, the distinction is made on the noun. The cat in the first and third sentence is the patientive case because it exists non-volitional. The cat in the second and fourth sentence has either entered or not left the house, in my interpretation, so it's in the agentive case, because it is more volitional. You can make a finer distinction if you use a verb like 'to enter' with the completive aspect.
Hukifeki susimelu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.ki su.si.ˈmai.lu]
hukife-ki susime-lu
cat-DIM.PAT house-AUG.OBL
There's a cat in the house.
Hukifene susimelu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.nai su.si.ˈmai.lu]
hukife-ne susime-lu
cat-DIM.AGE house-AUG.OBL
The cat is in the house.
Hukifeki susimelu wu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.ki su.si.ˈmai.lu wu]
hukife-ki susime-lu wu
cat-DIM.PAT house-AUG.OBL NEG
There's no cat in the house.
Hukifene susimelu wu.
[xu.ki.ˈfai.nai su.si.ˈmai.lu wu]
hukife-ne susime-lu wu
cat-DIM.AGE house-AUG.OBL NEG
The cat is not in the house.
The copula is dropped, the distinction is made on the noun. The cat in the first and third sentence is the patientive case because it exists non-volitional. The cat in the second and fourth sentence has either entered or not left the house, in my interpretation, so it's in the agentive case, because it is more volitional. You can make a finer distinction if you use a verb like 'to enter' with the completive aspect.
Creyeditor
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
- kiwikami
- roman
- Posts: 1203
- Joined: 26 May 2012 17:24
- Location: Oh, I don't know, I'm probably around here somewhere.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Culphecc Glyw
Fell pha rn gnglu.
Ø-fell pha r-n gn-glu
INDEF.NOM-cat INE exist.3S DEF.OBL-house
There's a cat in the house.
Ufell rn phagnglu.
u-fell r-n pha-gn-glu
DEF.NOM-cat exist.3S INE-DEF.OBL-house
The cat is in the house.
Thrfell pha rn gnglu.
thr-Ø-fell pha r-n gn-glu
NEG-INDEF.NOM-cat INE exist.3S DEF.OBL-house
There's no cat in the house.
Ufell thrrn phagnglu.
u-fell thr-r-n pha-gn-glu
DEF.NOM-cat NEG-exist.3S INE-DEF.OBL-house
The cat is not in the house.
Fell pha rn gnglu.
Ø-fell pha r-n gn-glu
INDEF.NOM-cat INE exist.3S DEF.OBL-house
There's a cat in the house.
Ufell rn phagnglu.
u-fell r-n pha-gn-glu
DEF.NOM-cat exist.3S INE-DEF.OBL-house
The cat is in the house.
Thrfell pha rn gnglu.
thr-Ø-fell pha r-n gn-glu
NEG-INDEF.NOM-cat INE exist.3S DEF.OBL-house
There's no cat in the house.
Ufell thrrn phagnglu.
u-fell thr-r-n pha-gn-glu
DEF.NOM-cat NEG-exist.3S INE-DEF.OBL-house
The cat is not in the house.
Edit: Substituted a string instrument for a French interjection.
| | ASL | | |
Re: Existential and locational clauses
1) Myuupas khiigayam sati.
myuu.pa.s khiig.ayam s.ati
mew.animal.sbj house.iness be/exist.3sg
There's a cat in the house.
(2) Myuupas khiigayam.
myuupa.s khiig.ayam.
Cat.sbj house.iness
The cat is in the house.
(3) Myuupas khiigayam na sati.
myuupa.s khiid.ayam na s.ati.
Cat.sbj house.iness NEG be/exist.3sg
There's no cat in the house.
(4) Myuupas khiigayam na.
myuupa.s khiig.ayam na.
Cat.sbj house.iness NEG
The cat is not in the house.
myuu.pa.s khiig.ayam s.ati
mew.animal.sbj house.iness be/exist.3sg
There's a cat in the house.
(2) Myuupas khiigayam.
myuupa.s khiig.ayam.
Cat.sbj house.iness
The cat is in the house.
(3) Myuupas khiigayam na sati.
myuupa.s khiid.ayam na s.ati.
Cat.sbj house.iness NEG be/exist.3sg
There's no cat in the house.
(4) Myuupas khiigayam na.
myuupa.s khiig.ayam na.
Cat.sbj house.iness NEG
The cat is not in the house.
Sikatāyām kaṇam lokasya darśasi, svargam phale vanye ca.
See a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower.
Ānantam tava karatalena darasi, nityatām ghaṇṭabhyantare ca.
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.
See a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower.
Ānantam tava karatalena darasi, nityatām ghaṇṭabhyantare ca.
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
:roc:
(1) There's a cat in the house.
家裡有一隻貓。
jia1li3 you3 yi4zhi1 mao1
house-in exist one-COUNTER cat
(2) The cat is in the house.
貓在家裡面。
mao1 zai4 jia1 li3mian4
cat LOC house inside
(3) There's no cat in the house.
家裡沒有貓。
jia1li3 mei2you3 mao1
house-in NEG-exist cat
(4) The cat is not in the house.
貓沒在家裡面。
mao1 mei2 zai4 jia1 li3mian4
cat NEG LOC house inside
There's a cat in the house.
家に猫がいる。
ie ni neko ga iru
house=LOC cat=SUBJ exist.ANIM
The cat is in the house.
猫が家にいる。
neko ga ie ni iru
cat=SUBJ house=LOC exist.ANIM
There's no cat in the house.
家に猫はいねい。
ie ni neko wa inai
house=LOC cat=TOP exist.ANIM-NEG
The cat is not in the house.
猫は家にいない。
neko wa ie ni inai
cat=TOP house=LOC exist.ANIM-NEG
Cednitit
Kekı paxıco owknıw.
kek-ı paxı-co-Ø o-wk-nıw
house-OBL lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM 3sa.NPST-within-exist
There's a lion in the house.
Paxıco kekı owknıw.
paxı-co-Ø kek-ı o-wk-nıw
lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM house-OBL 3sa.NPST-within-exist
The lion is in the house.
Kekı paxıco owknıwıxt.
kek-ı paxı-co-Ø o-wk-nıw-ıxt
house-OBL lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM 3sa.NPST-within-exist-NEG
There's no lion in the house.
Paxıco kekı owknıwıxt.
paxı-co-Ø kek-ı o-wk-nıw-ıxt
lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM house-OBL 3sa.NPST-within-exist-NEG
The lion is not in the house.
(1) There's a cat in the house.
家裡有一隻貓。
jia1li3 you3 yi4zhi1 mao1
house-in exist one-COUNTER cat
(2) The cat is in the house.
貓在家裡面。
mao1 zai4 jia1 li3mian4
cat LOC house inside
(3) There's no cat in the house.
家裡沒有貓。
jia1li3 mei2you3 mao1
house-in NEG-exist cat
(4) The cat is not in the house.
貓沒在家裡面。
mao1 mei2 zai4 jia1 li3mian4
cat NEG LOC house inside
There's a cat in the house.
家に猫がいる。
ie ni neko ga iru
house=LOC cat=SUBJ exist.ANIM
The cat is in the house.
猫が家にいる。
neko ga ie ni iru
cat=SUBJ house=LOC exist.ANIM
There's no cat in the house.
家に猫はいねい。
ie ni neko wa inai
house=LOC cat=TOP exist.ANIM-NEG
The cat is not in the house.
猫は家にいない。
neko wa ie ni inai
cat=TOP house=LOC exist.ANIM-NEG
Cednitit
Kekı paxıco owknıw.
kek-ı paxı-co-Ø o-wk-nıw
house-OBL lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM 3sa.NPST-within-exist
There's a lion in the house.
Paxıco kekı owknıw.
paxı-co-Ø kek-ı o-wk-nıw
lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM house-OBL 3sa.NPST-within-exist
The lion is in the house.
Kekı paxıco owknıwıxt.
kek-ı paxı-co-Ø o-wk-nıw-ıxt
house-OBL lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM 3sa.NPST-within-exist-NEG
There's no lion in the house.
Paxıco kekı owknıwıxt.
paxı-co-Ø kek-ı o-wk-nıw-ıxt
lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM house-OBL 3sa.NPST-within-exist-NEG
The lion is not in the house.
力在公蝦米????
flags
flags
- Ossicone
- vice admin
- Posts: 2909
- Joined: 12 Aug 2010 05:20
- Location: I've heard it both ways.
- Contact:
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Uskra:
1. Nirai akas ati'ur.
There's a cat in the house.
2. Niri nima ati'ur.
The cat is in the house.
3. Nirai mri akas ati'ur.
There isn't cat in the house.
4. Niri mri nima ati'ur.
The cat is not in the house.
1. Nirai akas ati'ur.
There's a cat in the house.
2. Niri nima ati'ur.
The cat is in the house.
3. Nirai mri akas ati'ur.
There isn't cat in the house.
4. Niri mri nima ati'ur.
The cat is not in the house.
Spoiler:
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Naeniusk
Halvad koenéc sísxak.
[hæ̀l.ʋɐ kʰɪ̀.nɛːt͡s sɪ́əs.xɐk]
cat-ABS house-INESS to_be.3.SG-TOP
halvad-0 koen-éc sísk-ak
= There's a cat in the house.
Halvad koenéc sísk.
cat-ABS house-INESS to_be.3.SG
halvad-0 koen-éc sísk
= The cat is in the house.
Halvad koenéc énaksísk.
cat-ABS house-INESS NEG-TOP-to_be.3.SG
halvad-0 house-INESS é-ak-sísk
= There's no cat in the house.
Halvad koenéc ésísk.
cat-ABS house-INESS NEG-to_be.3.SG
halvad-0 house-INESS é-sísk
= There's no cat in the house.
Halvad koenéc sísxak.
[hæ̀l.ʋɐ kʰɪ̀.nɛːt͡s sɪ́əs.xɐk]
cat-ABS house-INESS to_be.3.SG-TOP
halvad-0 koen-éc sísk-ak
= There's a cat in the house.
Halvad koenéc sísk.
cat-ABS house-INESS to_be.3.SG
halvad-0 koen-éc sísk
= The cat is in the house.
Halvad koenéc énaksísk.
cat-ABS house-INESS NEG-TOP-to_be.3.SG
halvad-0 house-INESS é-ak-sísk
= There's no cat in the house.
Halvad koenéc ésísk.
cat-ABS house-INESS NEG-to_be.3.SG
halvad-0 house-INESS é-sísk
= There's no cat in the house.
hmeniajúsoin ázujum
onomatopoesia-INSTR potato
[laɪ̯f ɪz ɒːl̴ əˈbɐʊ̯t faɪ̯ndɪŋ pʰiːpl̩ wɪð ðə sɛɪ̯m ˈmɛn.təl dɪsˈɔː.də æz juː]
onomatopoesia-INSTR potato
[laɪ̯f ɪz ɒːl̴ əˈbɐʊ̯t faɪ̯ndɪŋ pʰiːpl̩ wɪð ðə sɛɪ̯m ˈmɛn.təl dɪsˈɔː.də æz juː]
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Yélian
(1) Vut ciavet avári mia pun pilat.
[vʊt‿ˈjavɛt aˈvaːri ˈmi.a pʊn ˈpilɐt]
3SG.INDEF be_there-3SG cat-ENUM one in house
There is a cat in the house.
(2) An'avár bit pun pilat.
[anaˈvaːɾ bɪ‿pʊn ˈpilɐt]
DEF.ANIM=cat be.3SG.ANIM in house
The cat is the house.
(3) Vut ciet aváran pun pilat.
[vʊt‿ˈi.ɛt aˈvaːrɐn pʊn ˈpilɐt]
3SG.INDEF not_be_there-3SG cat-PL in house
There are no cats in the house.
(4) An'avár cibit pun pilat.
[anaˈvaːɾ ˈkibɪ‿pʊn ˈpilɐt]
DEF.ANIM=cat NEG-be.3SG.ANIM in house
The cat is not in the house.
The verbs "ciavet" and "ciet" are irregular in a few terms. First, they only exist in 3SG, and even there only together with "vut" (one, anyone). Second, although normally the prefix ci- marks negation, it is inverse here. The reason is that I had the verbs first to be "vut iavet" and "vut ciavet", but after the invention of Yélian plosive assimilation (in this case, /k/ is elided) both forms were homophonous. So I had to change them altogether and failed a little I guess.
(1) Vut ciavet avári mia pun pilat.
[vʊt‿ˈjavɛt aˈvaːri ˈmi.a pʊn ˈpilɐt]
3SG.INDEF be_there-3SG cat-ENUM one in house
There is a cat in the house.
(2) An'avár bit pun pilat.
[anaˈvaːɾ bɪ‿pʊn ˈpilɐt]
DEF.ANIM=cat be.3SG.ANIM in house
The cat is the house.
(3) Vut ciet aváran pun pilat.
[vʊt‿ˈi.ɛt aˈvaːrɐn pʊn ˈpilɐt]
3SG.INDEF not_be_there-3SG cat-PL in house
There are no cats in the house.
(4) An'avár cibit pun pilat.
[anaˈvaːɾ ˈkibɪ‿pʊn ˈpilɐt]
DEF.ANIM=cat NEG-be.3SG.ANIM in house
The cat is not in the house.
The verbs "ciavet" and "ciet" are irregular in a few terms. First, they only exist in 3SG, and even there only together with "vut" (one, anyone). Second, although normally the prefix ci- marks negation, it is inverse here. The reason is that I had the verbs first to be "vut iavet" and "vut ciavet", but after the invention of Yélian plosive assimilation (in this case, /k/ is elided) both forms were homophonous. So I had to change them altogether and failed a little I guess.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Caelian
(1) There's a cat in the house.
Müdlat vatsuin vportalyen.
[mʏdˈlat vatˈʒʊɪ̯n p̪ɔɾtʰaˈʎɛn]
exist.3SG>2SG cat.ACC house.INN
(2) The cat is in the house.
Vatsen vportalyen byäis.
[vatˈʒɛn p̪ɔrtʰaˈʎɛn bʲæɪ̯ʃ]
cat.NOM house.INN COP.3SG>3SG
(3) There's no cat in the house.
Kë müdlat vatsuin vportalyen.
[kʰə mʏdˈlat vatˈʒʊɪ̯n p̪ɔɾtʰaˈʎɛn]
NEG exist.3SG>2SG cat.ACC house.INN
(4) The cat is not in the house.
Vatsen kë vportalyen byäis.
[vatˈʒɛn kʰə p̪ɔrtʰaˈʎɛn bʲæɪ̯ʃ]
cat.NOM NEG house.INN COP.3SG>3SG
Like in Yélian, the existantial clause is irregular in Caelian. You use the root m-dl-t (to exist, to be there, existence, existent), but the standard existential clause is somewhat lexicalized, although it seems to be gramatically incorrect or at least weird for three reasons:
1) Caelian is not pro-drop, but in this case there is no subject pronoun (there is no syntactic expletive)
2) The 3SG>3SG form of m-dl-t should be *müdlit, the lexicalized form "müdlat" is actually 3SG>2SG
3) In Caelian, word order is usually free, but the highest-ranked object (normally the direct object) has to precede the verb, except in imperatives, where this is inverse.
(1) There's a cat in the house.
Müdlat vatsuin vportalyen.
[mʏdˈlat vatˈʒʊɪ̯n p̪ɔɾtʰaˈʎɛn]
exist.3SG>2SG cat.ACC house.INN
(2) The cat is in the house.
Vatsen vportalyen byäis.
[vatˈʒɛn p̪ɔrtʰaˈʎɛn bʲæɪ̯ʃ]
cat.NOM house.INN COP.3SG>3SG
(3) There's no cat in the house.
Kë müdlat vatsuin vportalyen.
[kʰə mʏdˈlat vatˈʒʊɪ̯n p̪ɔɾtʰaˈʎɛn]
NEG exist.3SG>2SG cat.ACC house.INN
(4) The cat is not in the house.
Vatsen kë vportalyen byäis.
[vatˈʒɛn kʰə p̪ɔrtʰaˈʎɛn bʲæɪ̯ʃ]
cat.NOM NEG house.INN COP.3SG>3SG
Like in Yélian, the existantial clause is irregular in Caelian. You use the root m-dl-t (to exist, to be there, existence, existent), but the standard existential clause is somewhat lexicalized, although it seems to be gramatically incorrect or at least weird for three reasons:
1) Caelian is not pro-drop, but in this case there is no subject pronoun (there is no syntactic expletive)
2) The 3SG>3SG form of m-dl-t should be *müdlit, the lexicalized form "müdlat" is actually 3SG>2SG
3) In Caelian, word order is usually free, but the highest-ranked object (normally the direct object) has to precede the verb, except in imperatives, where this is inverse.
Last edited by Iyionaku on 24 Feb 2017 09:20, edited 1 time in total.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Bath'aso
(1) There's a cat in the house.
Xadsh pħor bsħogrtshokuzh.
[xɑ͡dʂ pˤʌɾ ˈbsˤɔgʁ̩͡tʂɔkɯʐ]
cat.ABS in house.INDR
(2) The cat is in the house.
Zhuts xadsh pħor bsħogrtshokuzh.
[ʐut͡s xɑ͡dʂ pˤʌɾ ˈbsˤɔgʁ̩͡tʂɔkɯʐ]
CONT cat.ABS in house.INDR
(3) There's no cat in the house.
(4) The cat is not in the house.
Zar xadsh pħor bsħogrtshokuzh.
[zɑɾ xɑ͡dʂ pˤʌɾ ˈbsˤɔgʁ̩͡tʂɔkɯʐ]
NEG cat.ABS in house.INDR
(1) There's a cat in the house.
Xadsh pħor bsħogrtshokuzh.
[xɑ͡dʂ pˤʌɾ ˈbsˤɔgʁ̩͡tʂɔkɯʐ]
cat.ABS in house.INDR
(2) The cat is in the house.
Zhuts xadsh pħor bsħogrtshokuzh.
[ʐut͡s xɑ͡dʂ pˤʌɾ ˈbsˤɔgʁ̩͡tʂɔkɯʐ]
CONT cat.ABS in house.INDR
(3) There's no cat in the house.
(4) The cat is not in the house.
Zar xadsh pħor bsħogrtshokuzh.
[zɑɾ xɑ͡dʂ pˤʌɾ ˈbsˤɔgʁ̩͡tʂɔkɯʐ]
NEG cat.ABS in house.INDR
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Paatherye
(1) There's a cat in the house.
खे क़ये सा गठ़ ऊतिं धामुये.
Khe kanye sā gathan ūtim dhāmuye.
[kʰe ˈkanje saː ˈɣatʰan uːtim ˈθaːmuje]
there exist.3SG INDEF.FEM.ACC cat.ACC in=DEF house.LOC
(2) The cat is in the house.
म गठ ओज़ ऊतिं धामुये.
Ma gatha ēs ūtim dhāmuye.
[ma ˈɣatʰa eːs ˈuːtim ˈθaːmuje]
DEF.FEM.NOM cat.NOM be.3SG.MASC in=DEF house.LOC
(3) There's no cat in the house.
खे क़ये नील़ गठ़ ऊतिं धामुये.
Khe kanye nīlan gathan ūtim dhāmuye.
[kʰe ˈkanje ˈniːlan ˈɣatʰan ˈuːtim ˈθaːmuje]
there exist-3SG no.FEM.ACC cat.ACC in=DEF house.LOC
(4) The cat is not in the house.
ना म गठ ऊतिं धामुये.
Nā ma gatha ūtim dhāmuye.
[naː ma ˈɣatʰa ˈuːtim ˈθaːmuje]
NEG.3SG.FEM DEF.FEM.NOM cat.NOM in=DEF house.LOC
(1) There's a cat in the house.
खे क़ये सा गठ़ ऊतिं धामुये.
Khe kanye sā gathan ūtim dhāmuye.
[kʰe ˈkanje saː ˈɣatʰan uːtim ˈθaːmuje]
there exist.3SG INDEF.FEM.ACC cat.ACC in=DEF house.LOC
(2) The cat is in the house.
म गठ ओज़ ऊतिं धामुये.
Ma gatha ēs ūtim dhāmuye.
[ma ˈɣatʰa eːs ˈuːtim ˈθaːmuje]
DEF.FEM.NOM cat.NOM be.3SG.MASC in=DEF house.LOC
(3) There's no cat in the house.
खे क़ये नील़ गठ़ ऊतिं धामुये.
Khe kanye nīlan gathan ūtim dhāmuye.
[kʰe ˈkanje ˈniːlan ˈɣatʰan ˈuːtim ˈθaːmuje]
there exist-3SG no.FEM.ACC cat.ACC in=DEF house.LOC
(4) The cat is not in the house.
ना म गठ ऊतिं धामुये.
Nā ma gatha ūtim dhāmuye.
[naː ma ˈɣatʰa ˈuːtim ˈθaːmuje]
NEG.3SG.FEM DEF.FEM.NOM cat.NOM in=DEF house.LOC
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Wena:
(1)
I buzi ye lu mba.
COP cat ATTR LOC house
There's a cat in the house.
(2)
Buzi e lu mba.
cat COP LOC house
The cat is in the house.
(3)
I ze buzi ye lu mba.
COP NEG cat ATTR LOC house
There's no cat in the house.
(4)
Buzi e ze lu mba.
cat COP NEG LOC house
The cat is not in the house.
(1)
I buzi ye lu mba.
COP cat ATTR LOC house
There's a cat in the house.
(2)
Buzi e lu mba.
cat COP LOC house
The cat is in the house.
(3)
I ze buzi ye lu mba.
COP NEG cat ATTR LOC house
There's no cat in the house.
(4)
Buzi e ze lu mba.
cat COP NEG LOC house
The cat is not in the house.
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Dasan daimasa mija.
[daˈsan ˈdai̯masa ˈmija]
be-3SG-PASS house-INES cat
There's a cat in the house.
Mija san daimasa.
[ˈmija san ˈdai̯masa]
cat be-3SG house-INES
The cat is in the house.
Indasan daimasa mija.
[indaˈsan ˈdai̯masa ˈmija]
neg be-3SG-PASS house-INES cat
There's no cat in the house.
Mija inde san daimasa.
[ˈmija ˈinde san ˈdai̯masa]
cat neg be-3SG house-INES
The cat is not in the house.
[daˈsan ˈdai̯masa ˈmija]
be-3SG-PASS house-INES cat
There's a cat in the house.
Mija san daimasa.
[ˈmija san ˈdai̯masa]
cat be-3SG house-INES
The cat is in the house.
Indasan daimasa mija.
[indaˈsan ˈdai̯masa ˈmija]
neg be-3SG-PASS house-INES cat
There's no cat in the house.
Mija inde san daimasa.
[ˈmija ˈinde san ˈdai̯masa]
cat neg be-3SG house-INES
The cat is not in the house.
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Deyryck:
Daj' nè myûwa ga
[daʒ nɛ mjuwa ga]
house in cat there_is+DECLAR
There's a cat in the house.
Daj' nè myûwa da
[daʒ nɛ mjuwa da]
house in cat DECLAR
The cat is in the house.
Daj' nè nass' myûwa ga
[daʒ nɛ nats mjuwa ga]
house in no cat there_is+DECLAR
There's no cat in the house.
Daj' nè myûwa dana
[daʒ nɛ mjuwa dana]
house in cat there_is+NEG+DECLAR
The cat is not in the house.
Daj' nè myûwa ga
[daʒ nɛ mjuwa ga]
house in cat there_is+DECLAR
There's a cat in the house.
Daj' nè myûwa da
[daʒ nɛ mjuwa da]
house in cat DECLAR
The cat is in the house.
Daj' nè nass' myûwa ga
[daʒ nɛ nats mjuwa ga]
house in no cat there_is+DECLAR
There's no cat in the house.
Daj' nè myûwa dana
[daʒ nɛ mjuwa dana]
house in cat there_is+NEG+DECLAR
The cat is not in the house.
- Frislander
- mayan
- Posts: 2088
- Joined: 14 May 2016 18:47
- Location: The North
Re: Existential and locational clauses
Ätara
bisik kat kinaawirämayä brambä.
bi=t=ik kat ki-naa-wid=ma=yä brambä
exist=DIR=PROX.ANI cat ANI-LOC-sit=and=PROX.INA house
There is a cat in the house.
wiräsik kat neñä brambä.
wid=t=ik kat nen=yä brambä
sit=DIR=PROX.ANI cat in=PROX.INA house
The cat is in the house.
biñaasik kat kiwirära neñä brambä.
bi=ñaa=t=ik kat ki-wid-ra nen=yä brambä
exist=NEG=DIR=PROX.ANI cat ANI-sit-DEM in=PROX.INA house
There is no cat in the house. (lit. This cat that sits in the house does not exist)
wiraañsik kat neñä brambä.
wid=aañ=s=ik kat nen=yä brambä
sit=NEG=DIR=PROX.ANI cat in=PROX.INA house
The cat is not in the house.
(Note: kat is a direct borrowing from English for the purpose of this exercise, since there cats do not occur naturally where the Äwara people live)
bisik kat kinaawirämayä brambä.
bi=t=ik kat ki-naa-wid=ma=yä brambä
exist=DIR=PROX.ANI cat ANI-LOC-sit=and=PROX.INA house
There is a cat in the house.
wiräsik kat neñä brambä.
wid=t=ik kat nen=yä brambä
sit=DIR=PROX.ANI cat in=PROX.INA house
The cat is in the house.
biñaasik kat kiwirära neñä brambä.
bi=ñaa=t=ik kat ki-wid-ra nen=yä brambä
exist=NEG=DIR=PROX.ANI cat ANI-sit-DEM in=PROX.INA house
There is no cat in the house. (lit. This cat that sits in the house does not exist)
wiraañsik kat neñä brambä.
wid=aañ=s=ik kat nen=yä brambä
sit=NEG=DIR=PROX.ANI cat in=PROX.INA house
The cat is not in the house.
(Note: kat is a direct borrowing from English for the purpose of this exercise, since there cats do not occur naturally where the Äwara people live)