There seems to be many ways of forming the construction of becoming in different languages.
Yury decided to be a [medical] doctor.
Юрий решил стать врачом.
Юрий решил стать врачом.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
Kahichali
Jury decided to be a medicine man.
Jùri, satàkla waprùgaje.
Júri, sa-ta-`-ø-kl-a wa-prùga-je
Yury DIST_DEM.NOM-PERFV-PST-DIRECT_EVID-decide-PERS_EVID COP*-medicine_man-TRANSL
*COP – the copular prefix is between verbal and nominal. Its basic meaning is ‘be X’, but it can also be used nominally with verbs like above. The verb -kl- normally takes a nominal object. It can also be inflected in cases. The translative expresses that he wasn’t a medicine man before. Without the translative marker the sentence would mean ‘He decided that he is [and has long been] a medicine man.’ The third meaning of the copular prefix is apposition, ‘being X’.
Jury decided to be a medicine man.
Jùri, satàkla waprùgaje.
Júri, sa-ta-`-ø-kl-a wa-prùga-je
Yury DIST_DEM.NOM-PERFV-PST-DIRECT_EVID-decide-PERS_EVID COP*-medicine_man-TRANSL
*COP – the copular prefix is between verbal and nominal. Its basic meaning is ‘be X’, but it can also be used nominally with verbs like above. The verb -kl- normally takes a nominal object. It can also be inflected in cases. The translative expresses that he wasn’t a medicine man before. Without the translative marker the sentence would mean ‘He decided that he is [and has long been] a medicine man.’ The third meaning of the copular prefix is apposition, ‘being X’.
Last edited by Omzinesý on 15 Jun 2014 19:54, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
Vorynthel uses ëi- (intransitive "to be") plus a translative object; thus literally to become something is to "be into" it.
Yury mutín te iv ëinnoë gjeninja.
[ˈjʉɾi mʊˈdin tə ʔɪu̯ ˈʔɛɨ̯ʔɪnːɔɨ̯ ˈʝɛnɪnʲɑ]
Yury mutí-n te iv ëi-n-noë gjeni-nja
Yury.NOM decide.PERF-3sg that 3sg.MASC.AN.NOM be-3sg-VOL heal-AG.NMLZ.TRANSL
"Yury decided that he would become a doctor."
Now i just need to make greni- into a verb root so "Greninja" can be a valid word
Yury mutín te iv ëinnoë gjeninja.
[ˈjʉɾi mʊˈdin tə ʔɪu̯ ˈʔɛɨ̯ʔɪnːɔɨ̯ ˈʝɛnɪnʲɑ]
Yury mutí-n te iv ëi-n-noë gjeni-nja
Yury.NOM decide.PERF-3sg that 3sg.MASC.AN.NOM be-3sg-VOL heal-AG.NMLZ.TRANSL
"Yury decided that he would become a doctor."
Now i just need to make greni- into a verb root so "Greninja" can be a valid word
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Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
----
some languages of the 8th world:
Lonmai Luna/Liunan:
Lonmai Luna has a verb meaning "become to be/start to be":
alen Yuri batais sintu empsortik
PND Yuri decide become.to.be (medical)doctor
Nevotak:
Nevotak is similar to Lonmai Luna in this aspect:
Yuri rih teu burtak
Yuri decide become.to.be (medical)doctor
Sakawi:
There's a copula suffix, it can be used in this case:
Yuri lwedidemekesnis tuwomistaki
Yuri lwed-id-em-ek-es-nis tuw-om-ist-ak-i
Yuri doctor-be-3.SG.P-IND-FUT-NMLZ choose-3.SG.P-3.SG.A-IND-PST.I
A dedicaed word "hlonshin-an"("to become/to become to be/to change into") can also be used:
Yuri lwede lhonshinemistekesnis tuwomistaki
Yuri lwede lhonshin-em-ist-ek-es-nis tuw-om-ist-ak-i
Yuri doctor become-3.SG.P-3.SG.A-IND-FUT-NMLZ choose-3.SG.P-3.SG.A-IND-PST.I
some languages of the 8th world:
Lonmai Luna/Liunan:
Lonmai Luna has a verb meaning "become to be/start to be":
alen Yuri batais sintu empsortik
PND Yuri decide become.to.be (medical)doctor
Nevotak:
Nevotak is similar to Lonmai Luna in this aspect:
Yuri rih teu burtak
Yuri decide become.to.be (medical)doctor
Sakawi:
There's a copula suffix, it can be used in this case:
Yuri lwedidemekesnis tuwomistaki
Yuri lwed-id-em-ek-es-nis tuw-om-ist-ak-i
Yuri doctor-be-3.SG.P-IND-FUT-NMLZ choose-3.SG.P-3.SG.A-IND-PST.I
A dedicaed word "hlonshin-an"("to become/to become to be/to change into") can also be used:
Yuri lwede lhonshinemistekesnis tuwomistaki
Yuri lwede lhonshin-em-ist-ek-es-nis tuw-om-ist-ak-i
Yuri doctor become-3.SG.P-3.SG.A-IND-FUT-NMLZ choose-3.SG.P-3.SG.A-IND-PST.I
I prefer to not be referred to with masculine pronouns and nouns such as “he/him/his”.
Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
Yury decided to be a [medical] doctor.
Pmitxki
Here are two ways to do this in Pmitxki:
Iouris rixhuerhe bhamipi'mhu.
ˈi̯owris riˈʃxwɛrxɛ bxamipiˈʔm̩xu (classical)
ˈjowrɪs ɾɪˈʂχʷɛrχɘ̥ bʱɐmɪpɪˈʔm̩χʷʊ̥ (colloquial)
Iouris ri-xhuer-he bhamipi-'m-hu
Yury[NOM] PST-choose-ACT doctor-PRED-[GER].ACC
Note that the syllable <'m> /ʔm̩/ by itself means "to be," but can be used as a suffix to create state-of-being verbs out of nouns, so bhamipi'm means "to be a doctor." Furthermore, adding the accusative suffix <hu> to a verb creates the accusative of a gerund form of the verb, so bhamipi'mhu would roughly be translated "doctorhood" in the accusative case.
The sentence could also be translated this way:
Iouris rixhuerhe bhamipihehu.
ˈi̯owris riˈʃxwɛrxɛ bxamipiˈxɛxu (classical)
ˈjowrɪs ɾɪˈʂχʷɛrχɘ̥ bʱɐmɪpɪˈχɛχʷʊ̥ (colloquial)
Yury[NOM] PST-choose-ACT doctor-ACT-[GER].ACC
The only difference here is that the active verb suffix <he> is added after bhamipi instead of <'m>, so Yury ends up deciding on "doctoring" as an action, rather than "doctorhood" as a state of being.
Pmitxki
Here are two ways to do this in Pmitxki:
Iouris rixhuerhe bhamipi'mhu.
ˈi̯owris riˈʃxwɛrxɛ bxamipiˈʔm̩xu (classical)
ˈjowrɪs ɾɪˈʂχʷɛrχɘ̥ bʱɐmɪpɪˈʔm̩χʷʊ̥ (colloquial)
Iouris ri-xhuer-he bhamipi-'m-hu
Yury[NOM] PST-choose-ACT doctor-PRED-[GER].ACC
Note that the syllable <'m> /ʔm̩/ by itself means "to be," but can be used as a suffix to create state-of-being verbs out of nouns, so bhamipi'm means "to be a doctor." Furthermore, adding the accusative suffix <hu> to a verb creates the accusative of a gerund form of the verb, so bhamipi'mhu would roughly be translated "doctorhood" in the accusative case.
The sentence could also be translated this way:
Iouris rixhuerhe bhamipihehu.
ˈi̯owris riˈʃxwɛrxɛ bxamipiˈxɛxu (classical)
ˈjowrɪs ɾɪˈʂχʷɛrχɘ̥ bʱɐmɪpɪˈχɛχʷʊ̥ (colloquial)
Yury[NOM] PST-choose-ACT doctor-ACT-[GER].ACC
The only difference here is that the active verb suffix <he> is added after bhamipi instead of <'m>, so Yury ends up deciding on "doctoring" as an action, rather than "doctorhood" as a state of being.
Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
Юрий решил стать врачом.
Géarthnuns
As "become" is a copular verb linked to "be" in Géarthnuns, it's pretty standard, Mom's-apple-pie fare: A becomes B, both terms are nominative.
"vanöi" is the usual rendering for "become", but this is a results/outcome-oriented, shazam approach to becoming on the part of the speaker (often ≅ "turn into").
seed → <poof!> → tree
foal → <poof!> → horse
Hence the sentence:
Íegors lé sau tezemars ba vanöi gnaröl.
Yegor-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF doctor-NOM PTCL become decide
Yegor decided to become a doctor.
suggests that Yegor is a 10-year-old making a career declaration -- next week, maybe a trapezist; Yegor, like Schweizer, gets the calling and makes an interesting turn in adult life -- gonna save mankind, and this is how he's going to do it; Yegor is a friend of Samantha's on Bewitched; Yegor's mother always harps on how nice it would be if he became a doctah, married a nice girl, and came over for chicken or brisket once a week, and Yegor will do anything to shut Mom up (cue Sisyphus: this time, the rock will stay).
The other choice for "become" is "zçenöi", and here, the speaker wishes to slow things down and focus on the journey instead of the destination (often ≅ "grow into").
seed → sprout → sapling → tree
foal → weanling → yearling → pony → horse
So:
Íegors lé sau tezemars ba zçenöi gnaröl.
Yegor-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF doctor-NOM PTCL become decide
Yegor decided to become a doctor.
10-year-old Yegor is always bringing wounded things home, there's a veritable petting zoo out in the garage, he unwincingly applies his own Mercurochrome, he's got the knack (put an aloe plant in the kitchen in case someone burns themself) and all signs point to doctorhood; it's freshman year and Yegor's going into pre-med -- he'll be doing med school, residency, the whole nine yards -- he's in it for the long haul.
In terms of translation, "vanöi" often lends itself to the simple tenses of English while "zçenöi" is often best rendered with a progressive. While Géarthnuns generally takes a pish-tosh attitude to verbal aspect, this type of navel gazing about how a change of state occurs creeps in/pops up in other areas of the language, and the coping mechanism, is by and large semantic.
Géarthnuns
As "become" is a copular verb linked to "be" in Géarthnuns, it's pretty standard, Mom's-apple-pie fare: A becomes B, both terms are nominative.
"vanöi" is the usual rendering for "become", but this is a results/outcome-oriented, shazam approach to becoming on the part of the speaker (often ≅ "turn into").
seed → <poof!> → tree
foal → <poof!> → horse
Hence the sentence:
Íegors lé sau tezemars ba vanöi gnaröl.
Yegor-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF doctor-NOM PTCL become decide
Yegor decided to become a doctor.
suggests that Yegor is a 10-year-old making a career declaration -- next week, maybe a trapezist; Yegor, like Schweizer, gets the calling and makes an interesting turn in adult life -- gonna save mankind, and this is how he's going to do it; Yegor is a friend of Samantha's on Bewitched; Yegor's mother always harps on how nice it would be if he became a doctah, married a nice girl, and came over for chicken or brisket once a week, and Yegor will do anything to shut Mom up (cue Sisyphus: this time, the rock will stay).
The other choice for "become" is "zçenöi", and here, the speaker wishes to slow things down and focus on the journey instead of the destination (often ≅ "grow into").
seed → sprout → sapling → tree
foal → weanling → yearling → pony → horse
So:
Íegors lé sau tezemars ba zçenöi gnaröl.
Yegor-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF doctor-NOM PTCL become decide
Yegor decided to become a doctor.
10-year-old Yegor is always bringing wounded things home, there's a veritable petting zoo out in the garage, he unwincingly applies his own Mercurochrome, he's got the knack (put an aloe plant in the kitchen in case someone burns themself) and all signs point to doctorhood; it's freshman year and Yegor's going into pre-med -- he'll be doing med school, residency, the whole nine yards -- he's in it for the long haul.
In terms of translation, "vanöi" often lends itself to the simple tenses of English while "zçenöi" is often best rendered with a progressive. While Géarthnuns generally takes a pish-tosh attitude to verbal aspect, this type of navel gazing about how a change of state occurs creeps in/pops up in other areas of the language, and the coping mechanism, is by and large semantic.
Last edited by Lao Kou on 25 Mar 2016 13:33, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
Faction Gachran
Yuri sɛm fätö za nyɛlɛ na myɛkɛ.
Yury MENTAL.STATE decision EQUAL-DISTFUT REL doctor-DEF
Yury decided to be a [medical] doctor.
Lit: Yury has a decision to be a doctor.
Yuri sɛm fätö za nyɛlɛ na myɛkɛ.
Yury MENTAL.STATE decision EQUAL-DISTFUT REL doctor-DEF
Yury decided to be a [medical] doctor.
Lit: Yury has a decision to be a doctor.
Re: Юрий решил стать врачом.
Vtain
Joria mnazo cambi hixmah.
jori-o mnaz-o camb-i h-ix-m-ah
Jury-SPEC:ERG decide-AOR shaman-NSPEC.DAT ANTIPASS-become-PASS-INF
'Jyry decided to become shaman.'
'To become' takes the subject in the absolutive and predicative in the dative.
But the verb 'to decide' needs an object so the verb 'to become' must be made reflexive (anti-passive + passive). So literally the sentence is: 'Jury decided himself to become a shaman.'
Joria mnazo cambi hixmah.
jori-o mnaz-o camb-i h-ix-m-ah
Jury-SPEC:ERG decide-AOR shaman-NSPEC.DAT ANTIPASS-become-PASS-INF
'Jyry decided to become shaman.'
'To become' takes the subject in the absolutive and predicative in the dative.
But the verb 'to decide' needs an object so the verb 'to become' must be made reflexive (anti-passive + passive). So literally the sentence is: 'Jury decided himself to become a shaman.'
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760