While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
German
Während sie gerade las, kam er rein.
[vɛɐ̯ʁɛnt ziː gəˈʁadə laːs, kʰam ɛɐ̯ ʁaɪ̯n]
while 3SG_FEM.NOM at_the_moment read.PRET.3SG, come.PRET.3SG 3SG_MASC.NOM in
Caelian
Vpum Tat sisüsnal, Tot zordubyap cüdham.
[p̠ʊm tʰat ʒiʒʏʃˈnal, tʰɔt zɔɾdʊˈbʲap ʝʏdˈham]
while 3SG_FEM.NOM PST-read.3SG>INTR, 3SG_MASC.NOM area.INN come_in.3SG>INTR
Utseech
Währejd i ha geleech gaath, a is gekowech rech.
[ˈwæɹɛɪ̯d i hɑ gəˈleːç gɑːtʰ, a ɪs gəˈkʰɔʊ̯ɛç ɹɛç]
while 3SG_FEM have.PST.3SG read.PP at_the_moment, 3SG_MASC be.3SG come.PP into
Anto
Sajti ton di lesele ton i'mom, ton te dowkamkam ton.
[ˈsaɪ̯tʰi tʰɔn ti ˈlɛsɛlɛ tʰɔn ˈimɔm, tʰɔn tʰɛ dɔʊ̯kʰamkʰam tʰɔn]
while 3PS FEM read-PST 3.ANIM IMPF, 3PS MASC in-come-PST 3.ANIM
Bath'aso
This sentence is only possible the other way round, because the main clause sets the "primary aspect". It's a quite complicated way to express it: The entire sentence is in the perfective aspect (khek) and "while" is expressed with the "sub-aspect" of the Continuative (zhuts), the new actor, the woman, is marked with the Durative (moshzu-sht), followed by the actual action: (pezshext-emz, read-he_or_she).
Khek pathushom zhuts moshzusht, pezshextemz.
[kʰɛk patʰʊʂɔm ʐʊts mɔʂzuʂt, ˈpɛzʂɛxtɛmz]
PERF come_in-3SG.ABS CONT woman.DUR, read-3SG.ERG
Elfish
ओने जैलुण युवा, युवो तिऌपे ध्रेव्वू युवाफ़ि.
Ēne jaylun yuwā, yuwē tilpe dhrevū yuwāfi.
[ˈeːnə d͡ʒaɪ̯lun ˈju.aː, ˈju.eː ˈtilpɛ ˈθrevuː ju.ˈaːfi]
while read.IMP.3SG_FEM 3SG_FEM.NOM, 3SG_MASC.NOM get.3SG_MASC come_in.PP 3SG_FEM.ALL
Während sie gerade las, kam er rein.
[vɛɐ̯ʁɛnt ziː gəˈʁadə laːs, kʰam ɛɐ̯ ʁaɪ̯n]
while 3SG_FEM.NOM at_the_moment read.PRET.3SG, come.PRET.3SG 3SG_MASC.NOM in
Caelian
Vpum Tat sisüsnal, Tot zordubyap cüdham.
[p̠ʊm tʰat ʒiʒʏʃˈnal, tʰɔt zɔɾdʊˈbʲap ʝʏdˈham]
while 3SG_FEM.NOM PST-read.3SG>INTR, 3SG_MASC.NOM area.INN come_in.3SG>INTR
Utseech
Währejd i ha geleech gaath, a is gekowech rech.
[ˈwæɹɛɪ̯d i hɑ gəˈleːç gɑːtʰ, a ɪs gəˈkʰɔʊ̯ɛç ɹɛç]
while 3SG_FEM have.PST.3SG read.PP at_the_moment, 3SG_MASC be.3SG come.PP into
Anto
Sajti ton di lesele ton i'mom, ton te dowkamkam ton.
[ˈsaɪ̯tʰi tʰɔn ti ˈlɛsɛlɛ tʰɔn ˈimɔm, tʰɔn tʰɛ dɔʊ̯kʰamkʰam tʰɔn]
while 3PS FEM read-PST 3.ANIM IMPF, 3PS MASC in-come-PST 3.ANIM
Bath'aso
This sentence is only possible the other way round, because the main clause sets the "primary aspect". It's a quite complicated way to express it: The entire sentence is in the perfective aspect (khek) and "while" is expressed with the "sub-aspect" of the Continuative (zhuts), the new actor, the woman, is marked with the Durative (moshzu-sht), followed by the actual action: (pezshext-emz, read-he_or_she).
Khek pathushom zhuts moshzusht, pezshextemz.
[kʰɛk patʰʊʂɔm ʐʊts mɔʂzuʂt, ˈpɛzʂɛxtɛmz]
PERF come_in-3SG.ABS CONT woman.DUR, read-3SG.ERG
Elfish
ओने जैलुण युवा, युवो तिऌपे ध्रेव्वू युवाफ़ि.
Ēne jaylun yuwā, yuwē tilpe dhrevū yuwāfi.
[ˈeːnə d͡ʒaɪ̯lun ˈju.aː, ˈju.eː ˈtilpɛ ˈθrevuː ju.ˈaːfi]
while read.IMP.3SG_FEM 3SG_FEM.NOM, 3SG_MASC.NOM get.3SG_MASC come_in.PP 3SG_FEM.ALL
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
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Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Mandarin
在她在读书时,他走进来。 (simplified)
在她在讀書時,他走進來。 (traditional)
Zài tā zài dú shū shí, tā zǒu jìnlái.
[t͡saɪ̯˥˩ tʰa˥ t͡saɪ̯˥˩ tu˧˥ ʂu˥ ʂʐ̩˧˥ | tʰa˥ t͡soʊ̯˨˩ t͡ɕin˥˩laɪ̯˧˥]
at 3F[SG] PROG read book time, 3M[SG] walk enter-come
While she was reading, he walked in.
在她在读书时,他走进来。 (simplified)
在她在讀書時,他走進來。 (traditional)
Zài tā zài dú shū shí, tā zǒu jìnlái.
[t͡saɪ̯˥˩ tʰa˥ t͡saɪ̯˥˩ tu˧˥ ʂu˥ ʂʐ̩˧˥ | tʰa˥ t͡soʊ̯˨˩ t͡ɕin˥˩laɪ̯˧˥]
at 3F[SG] PROG read book time, 3M[SG] walk enter-come
While she was reading, he walked in.
Last edited by GrandPiano on 23 Oct 2016 18:06, edited 2 times in total.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Japoné語
Pendant qu'à ga 読ndéta, il ga 歩mi入tta.
Pendant qu'à ga yôndéta, il ga ayoumihitta.
[pãˈdã k‿a gɔ ˈjõʊ̃detɔ i gɔ aˈjʊmiˈɪt.tɔ]
while 3SG.f SUBJ read-PROGPAST, 3SG.m SUBJ walk.enter-PAST
While she was reading, he walked in.
Pendant qu'à ga 読ndéta, il ga 歩mi入tta.
Pendant qu'à ga yôndéta, il ga ayoumihitta.
[pãˈdã k‿a gɔ ˈjõʊ̃detɔ i gɔ aˈjʊmiˈɪt.tɔ]
while 3SG.f SUBJ read-PROGPAST, 3SG.m SUBJ walk.enter-PAST
While she was reading, he walked in.
Last edited by Lao Kou on 06 Oct 2016 13:45, edited 3 times in total.
☯ 道可道,非常道
☯ 名可名,非常名
☯ 名可名,非常名
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Aretach
Falish mi galishdiwen, fer angu oraleisdne.
/ˈfa.lɪɕ maj ga.ˈliɕ.daj.wɛn fɛɹ ˈaŋ.gɯ
ɔʊ.ɹa.ˈlɛjsd.ne/
while 3SG.ANIM read_IMPRV_3SG 3SG.INANIM inside PAST_walk_3SG
While she was reading, he walked in.
Since grammatical animacy doesn't necessarily imply real animacy, I decided to use it to distinguish the pronouns. You wouldn't use this if you were talking about people by name, but if it were about, say, a scholar (animate) and a warrior (inanimate), this would be how to refer to them by pronoun.
Falish mi galishdiwen, fer angu oraleisdne.
/ˈfa.lɪɕ maj ga.ˈliɕ.daj.wɛn fɛɹ ˈaŋ.gɯ
ɔʊ.ɹa.ˈlɛjsd.ne/
while 3SG.ANIM read_IMPRV_3SG 3SG.INANIM inside PAST_walk_3SG
While she was reading, he walked in.
Since grammatical animacy doesn't necessarily imply real animacy, I decided to use it to distinguish the pronouns. You wouldn't use this if you were talking about people by name, but if it were about, say, a scholar (animate) and a warrior (inanimate), this would be how to refer to them by pronoun.
Last edited by Ebon on 23 Oct 2016 23:06, edited 1 time in total.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Uyendur
Waddabĕddul urontu xunexut undom.
come.in-PST-3.MASC.SG during read-N-DEF 3-FEM.SG.GEN
He came in while she was reading.
Waddabĕddul urontu xunexut undom.
come.in-PST-3.MASC.SG during read-N-DEF 3-FEM.SG.GEN
He came in while she was reading.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Wow. That script! Is that your own creation?clawgrip wrote: Uyendur
Waddabĕddul urontu xunexut undom.
come.in-PST-3.MASC.SG during read-N-DEF 3-FEM.SG.GEN
He came in while she was reading.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Yes, it is my own script and font. It took quite some time to get the font working properly.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Ot so łos, sa wieje.
[ɔt̪ s̪ɔ wɔs̪ s̪a vʲejɛ]
while 3SG-FEM read-3SG.PST 3SG-MASC in.walk-3SG.PST
"While she was reading, he walked in."
[ɔt̪ s̪ɔ wɔs̪ s̪a vʲejɛ]
while 3SG-FEM read-3SG.PST 3SG-MASC in.walk-3SG.PST
"While she was reading, he walked in."
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Siglisc
While she was reading, he walked in.
Unda si lis, hau hi ingyn
unda si lis, hau hi in-gy-n
while she read, have he in-walk-INF
- Subordinate clauses of simultaneous time can use the present form though the main clause was in the past.
- As usual in Germanic, the subordinate clause is seen as the first constituent and the V2 verb follows it.
- If there is no explicit object of the directional particle/preposition, it's a preverb.
- gy [gai] is a derivatio of ga 'go' with verbal derivational suffix í.
While she was reading, he walked in.
Unda si lis, hau hi ingyn
unda si lis, hau hi in-gy-n
while she read, have he in-walk-INF
- Subordinate clauses of simultaneous time can use the present form though the main clause was in the past.
- As usual in Germanic, the subordinate clause is seen as the first constituent and the V2 verb follows it.
- If there is no explicit object of the directional particle/preposition, it's a preverb.
- gy [gai] is a derivatio of ga 'go' with verbal derivational suffix í.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Sadrås
Michdoch hers reaghte, duongad he dirë.
ADV 3SG.OBJ read<PST.PTCP>OBJ approach<PST> 3SG.M.SBJ ADV
While she read, he was walking in.
The <PST> actually is closer to an <IMPFT> tense here.
You could also use the <PFT> of gan, w/o too much difference, other than a more completed-past feeling.
Michdoch hers reaghte, duongê he dirë.
ADV 3SG.OBJ read<PST.PTCP>OBJ approach<PFT> 3SG.M.SBJ ADV
While she read, he walked in.
In both cases, the attendant circumstance in Sadraas is set up with a PST.PTCP.OBJ and the subject in OBJ case. Subject is distinguished from Object in strict SVO order in this clause construction, which goes against the normal main clause VSO structure.
Although normally the Sadraas understands the PST.PTCP as a Passive participle in most cases, in attendant circumstantial clauses however, it retains an Active meaning.
Just as easily, one could blip out michdoch and insert geihinne, which means 'as', 'while', among other things.
Michdoch hers reaghte, duongad he dirë.
ADV 3SG.OBJ read<PST.PTCP>OBJ approach<PST> 3SG.M.SBJ ADV
While she read, he was walking in.
The <PST> actually is closer to an <IMPFT> tense here.
You could also use the <PFT> of gan, w/o too much difference, other than a more completed-past feeling.
Michdoch hers reaghte, duongê he dirë.
ADV 3SG.OBJ read<PST.PTCP>OBJ approach<PFT> 3SG.M.SBJ ADV
While she read, he walked in.
In both cases, the attendant circumstance in Sadraas is set up with a PST.PTCP.OBJ and the subject in OBJ case. Subject is distinguished from Object in strict SVO order in this clause construction, which goes against the normal main clause VSO structure.
Although normally the Sadraas understands the PST.PTCP as a Passive participle in most cases, in attendant circumstantial clauses however, it retains an Active meaning.
Just as easily, one could blip out michdoch and insert geihinne, which means 'as', 'while', among other things.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Мѣна ши лосъ, и вья.
[ˈmæna ʃi ˈlosŭ i vĭˈjæ]
while 3SG-FEM read-3SG.PST 3SG-MASC in-walk.3SG-PST
While she was reading, he walked in.
[ˈmæna ʃi ˈlosŭ i vĭˈjæ]
while 3SG-FEM read-3SG.PST 3SG-MASC in-walk.3SG-PST
While she was reading, he walked in.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Ilya
kaneshupa geleshu
/kaˈnɛʃʊpa gɛˈlɛʃu/
read-PST-DUR-3sg.FEM come-PST-3sg
While she was reading, he walked in.
kaneshupa geleshu
/kaˈnɛʃʊpa gɛˈlɛʃu/
read-PST-DUR-3sg.FEM come-PST-3sg
While she was reading, he walked in.
g
o
n
e
o
n
e
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Swahili:
Rehema alipokuwa akisema, Juma aliingia (akitembea) .
Rehema a-li-po-ku-w-a a-ki-sem-a | Juma a-li-ingi-a (a-ki-tembe-a)
Rehema 3s.ANIM-PST-CL16.REL-EXT-be-Ø 3s.ANIM-SIMULT-read-Ø | Juma 3s.ANIM-PST-enter-Ø (3s.ANIM-SIMULT-walk-Ø)
When/while Rehema was reading, Juma entered (walking).
Rehema alipokuwa akisema, Juma aliingia (akitembea) .
Rehema a-li-po-ku-w-a a-ki-sem-a | Juma a-li-ingi-a (a-ki-tembe-a)
Rehema 3s.ANIM-PST-CL16.REL-EXT-be-Ø 3s.ANIM-SIMULT-read-Ø | Juma 3s.ANIM-PST-enter-Ø (3s.ANIM-SIMULT-walk-Ø)
When/while Rehema was reading, Juma entered (walking).
Spoiler:
Last edited by Imralu on 02 Jul 2017 23:45, edited 1 time in total.
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Гутиск (Тѡзиск)
Сохѡл се осаг, гаком ес ин.
Sohöl se osag, gakom es in.
while she read.IMPF.3S.PAST PRF-come.3S.PAST he in
Сохѡл се осаг, гаком ес ин.
Sohöl se osag, gakom es in.
while she read.IMPF.3S.PAST PRF-come.3S.PAST he in
Last edited by spanick on 02 Jul 2017 19:16, edited 1 time in total.
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Vålkakil viewtopic.php?f=6&t=6048
I guess I have words for that. There is though very little aspect.
еьса сан раьмтeй, сан тодлэй сеьк.
еьса сан раьмтт-eй, сан тодл-эй сеьк.
CONJ PRON read-PST.SG3 PRON kome-PST.SG3 in
I guess I have words for that. There is though very little aspect.
еьса сан раьмтeй, сан тодлэй сеьк.
еьса сан раьмтт-eй, сан тодл-эй сеьк.
CONJ PRON read-PST.SG3 PRON kome-PST.SG3 in
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
- kiwikami
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Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Undercommon
Lhó ie lessá ialeopim̧.
[ɮoɪ̯ jɛ ˈle.saɪ̯ jaˈle.bemʲ]
lho j ie leş sa j ia lofj-kyumu
DUR.VOL while past LOC something read PFV.TEL.VOL walk-arrive:PST
While she was reading (something), he walked in.
First clause is durative, second is some sort of telic perfective thing I've not named.
Lhó ie lessá ialeopim̧.
[ɮoɪ̯ jɛ ˈle.saɪ̯ jaˈle.bemʲ]
lho j ie leş sa j ia lofj-kyumu
DUR.VOL while past LOC something read PFV.TEL.VOL walk-arrive:PST
While she was reading (something), he walked in.
First clause is durative, second is some sort of telic perfective thing I've not named.
Edit: Substituted a string instrument for a French interjection.
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Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Hey Kiwikami, is this your new conlang? Looks good
Creyeditor
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Vålkakil (Uralic)
Nåj gaamttohn, koj kavi sesk.
nåj gaamtt-oh-n, koj kav-i ses-k
woman read-PTCP-ESS man walk-PST inside-TERM
The woman reading, the man walked in.
Nåj gaamttohn, koj kavi sesk.
nåj gaamtt-oh-n, koj kav-i ses-k
woman read-PTCP-ESS man walk-PST inside-TERM
The woman reading, the man walked in.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: While she was reading, he walked in. (Aspect)
Ular
她读着有她时的,在去有他男。
Tōn râw mŏn jù tōn khõrpō, phūlhù jù tōnrăr.
[tɛ̄n ɹɑ̌ʊ̯ mɔ̂n jù tɛ̄n kʰɔ̃̄ɹˈpɔ̄ pʰūˈʟù jù tɛ̄nˈɹɑ̂ɹ]
TOP=3SG.FEM read IMPF PST 3SG.FEM while come_in PST 3SG.MASC
While she was reading, he walked in.
男他 is a colloquial pronoun that is only used to distinguish between men and women (the feminine equivalent is 他女, of course). In written language, you can distinguish between man and woman by the used symbols, as in Chinese. Hence, the sentence would simply be 她读着有她时的,在去有男。
她读着有她时的,在去有他男。
Tōn râw mŏn jù tōn khõrpō, phūlhù jù tōnrăr.
[tɛ̄n ɹɑ̌ʊ̯ mɔ̂n jù tɛ̄n kʰɔ̃̄ɹˈpɔ̄ pʰūˈʟù jù tɛ̄nˈɹɑ̂ɹ]
TOP=3SG.FEM read IMPF PST 3SG.FEM while come_in PST 3SG.MASC
While she was reading, he walked in.
男他 is a colloquial pronoun that is only used to distinguish between men and women (the feminine equivalent is 他女, of course). In written language, you can distinguish between man and woman by the used symbols, as in Chinese. Hence, the sentence would simply be 她读着有她时的,在去有男。
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.