difficult to know.
difficult to know.
English makes a clear difference between infinitive and gerund structures where the main verb finds place even in the beginning of the sentence or in the end. There are languages that don't. It is interesting to see how both kinds work. And which way is the most popular among conlangs.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They deed a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Languages which can use only one construction.
If a language fits in more than one categories, put it in those. Somebody surely comes claiming that there is word 'vetning' in Swedish.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They deed a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Languages which can use only one construction.
If a language fits in more than one categories, put it in those. Somebody surely comes claiming that there is word 'vetning' in Swedish.
Last edited by Omzinesý on 11 Feb 2011 16:33, edited 1 time in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
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Re: difficult to know.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They deed a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd.
Re: difficult to know.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They deed a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Re: difficult to know.
So the is a formal subject in Norwegian 'nominal structure' as well.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: difficult to know.
I guess. I'm nowhere near fluent, but I'm sure I've seen and heard Det å (the/that to) more than just å (to) to form the subject of a sentence.Omzinesý wrote:So the is a formal subject in Norwegian 'nominal structure' as well.
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Re: difficult to know.
I'm going to leave mine separate cause I don't know where you want to put them.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Spanish has a separate gerund form, but I don't think you'd use it here.
----
Inyauk:
ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
This one is hard to translate because 'It is difficult to know.' Can be a couple of things depending on context.
I translated in reference to a single fact. The second one seems more natural to Inyauk
So you can put those where you feel they go best. :)
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Spanish has a separate gerund form, but I don't think you'd use it here.
----
Inyauk:
ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
This one is hard to translate because 'It is difficult to know.' Can be a couple of things depending on context.
I translated in reference to a single fact. The second one seems more natural to Inyauk
So you can put those where you feel they go best. :)
Re: difficult to know.
Actually, English may be the only lanhuage at the list with just gerund used as 'nominal verb' or what it is. The Finnish form 'tietäminen' is inflecting fourth infinitive. If Inyuak is in a wrong place, correct it.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They need a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Inyauk: ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Languages with a clear formal difference, They need a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Inyauk: ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: difficult to know.
Actually, English may be the only lanhuage at the list with just gerund used as 'nominal verb' or what it is. The Finnish form 'tietäminen' is inflecting fourth infinitive. If Inyuak is in a wrong place, correct it.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They need a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Inyauk: ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Omsin: śurno i'heso. ((One) would know which is difficult.)
Languages with a clear formal difference, They need a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
Inyauk: ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Omsin: śurno i'heso. ((One) would know which is difficult.)
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: difficult to know.
Actually, English may be the only lanhuage at the list with just gerund used as 'nominal verb' or what it is. The Finnish form 'tietäminen' is inflecting fourth infinitive. If Inyuak is in a wrong place, correct it.
Languages with a clear formal difference, They need a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
:roc: 很難知道
:roc: 知道很難
Inyauk: ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Omsin: śurno i'heso. ((One) would know which is difficult.)
Languages with a clear formal difference, They need a formal subject
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Languages with a clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject
On vaikea tietää.
Tietäminen on vaikeaa.
Trudno (jest) wiedzieć.
"Wiedzenie" jest trudne. (gerund of "wiedzieć" isn't usually used, though)
:roc: 很難知道
:roc: 知道很難
Inyauk: ní-at súsiknaaniraana
3sg-PSD know-ADJ-difficult-CNT
súsiknaanira
know-ADJ-difficult
Languages without clear formal difference, They need a formal subject.
Det är svårt att veta.
Att veta är svårt.
Det er vanskelig å vite.
Det å vite er vanskelig. (Much the same as Swedish)
Languages without clear formal difference, don't need a formal subject.
Es difícil saber.
Saber es difícil.
Languages which can use only one construction.
Emyt: Gurboś gyvinaktǫraf. ("knowing difficult-verbial-generic"; there is no formal infinitive in Emyt)
Omsin: śurno i'heso. ((One) would know which is difficult.)
力在公蝦米????
flags
flags
Re: difficult to know.
It is difficult to know.
Knowing is difficult.
Selinki.
Baj lexinki tavao (No formal subject needed)
[baj l"eksiNki tav"ao]
be-3SG hard know-INF
Tavaote baj lexinki
[tav"aote baj l"eksiNki]
the.process.of.knowin be-3SG hard
Knowing is difficult.
Selinki.
Baj lexinki tavao (No formal subject needed)
[baj l"eksiNki tav"ao]
be-3SG hard know-INF
Tavaote baj lexinki
[tav"aote baj l"eksiNki]
the.process.of.knowin be-3SG hard
Re: difficult to know.
Kala:
ke unya munye
TOP to.know to.be.difficult
Knowing is difficult
unya ke munye a
to.know TOP to.be.difficult to.be
It is difficult to know
ke unya munye
TOP to.know to.be.difficult
Knowing is difficult
unya ke munye a
to.know TOP to.be.difficult to.be
It is difficult to know
g
o
n
e
o
n
e
Re: difficult to know.
Zidhgebzhail - Can use both constructions (I'm using different words, but the grammar remains the same):
It is good to see.
my ha-zhAin shierrys.
m-y ha-zh-Ai-n shierr-y-s
3.INAN-ABS.SG.M COP1-NOMINALISER-see-SIMPLE good-ABS.SG.M-ADJ
Seeing is good
ZhAin ha-shierrys
Zh-Ai-n ha-shierr-y-s
NOMINALISER-see-SIMPLE COP1-good-ABS.SG.M-ADJ
It is good to see.
my ha-zhAin shierrys.
m-y ha-zh-Ai-n shierr-y-s
3.INAN-ABS.SG.M COP1-NOMINALISER-see-SIMPLE good-ABS.SG.M-ADJ
Seeing is good
ZhAin ha-shierrys
Zh-Ai-n ha-shierr-y-s
NOMINALISER-see-SIMPLE COP1-good-ABS.SG.M-ADJ
Re: difficult to know.
Swahili
Ni vigumu kujua.
ni vi-gumu ku-ju-a
COP CL8-hard INF(CL15)-know-Ø
It's difficult to know.
Class 8 is often used as a kind of default adverbial class.
Kujua ni kugumu.
ku-ju-a ni ku-gumu
INF(CL15)-know-Ø COP CL15-hard
Knowing is difficult.
Ni vigumu kujua.
ni vi-gumu ku-ju-a
COP CL8-hard INF(CL15)-know-Ø
It's difficult to know.
Class 8 is often used as a kind of default adverbial class.
Kujua ni kugumu.
ku-ju-a ni ku-gumu
INF(CL15)-know-Ø COP CL15-hard
Knowing is difficult.
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
Re: difficult to know.
Waku
Amoko tinga koma.
difficult NOMI know
[aˈmoːko tiŋɑ ˈkoːma]
Amoko tinga koma.
difficult NOMI know
[aˈmoːko tiŋɑ ˈkoːma]