Throw sth at sb / throw sth to sb

[Imralu]

1. He threw the ball to me. (= He threw the ball in my direction, so that I could catch it or have it.)
2. He threw the ball at me. (= He tried to hit me with the ball.)
3. He threw the ball at me and hit me.

Ngolu

1.

Jave ja kuane xi koqo.
throw NOM.3s.DEF.MASC BEN.1s.MASC ACC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.ball
He threw the ball to me.

2.

Jave jas ene xi koqo.
throw NOM.3s.DEF.MASC BEN.1s.MASC ACC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.ball
He threw the ball at me.

3.

Jave jas ene xi koqo lo ttio (xu ne).
throw NOM.3s.DEF.MASC BEN.1s.MASC ACC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.ball ADV hit (NOM.3s.DEF.INAN ACC.1s.MASC)
He threw the ball at me, (with it) hitting (me).

3.

Ttio ja nes axi koqo.
hit NOM.3s.DEF.MASC ACC.1s.MASC INS.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.ball
He hit me with the ball.

[Iyionaku]

German

Er warf mir den Ball zu.
3SG.MASC throw-PST-3SG 1SG.DAT DEF.ART.MASC.ACC ball.ACC PART
He threw the ball to me.

Er warf mich mit dem Ball ab.
3SG.MASC throw-PST-3SG 1SG.ACC with DEF.ART.MASC.DAT ball.DAT PART
He threw the ball at me.

Er traf mich mit dem Ball.
3SG.MASC hit-PST-3SG 1SG.ACC with DEF.ART.MASC.DAT ball.DAT
He threw the ball at me and hit me.

Yélian

Te yiayo'et u'neyhir pès rat. (Pèsrat yiayo'et u'neyhir.)
3SG.MASC PST-throw-3SG INAN'ball towards 1SG.OBL
He threw the ball to me.

Te yiayo'et u'neyhir sep rat. (Seprat yiayo'et u'neyhir.)
3SG.MASC PST-throw-hit INAN'ball at 1SG.OBL
He threw the ball at me.

Te rat yikaidet fecun ney'ir. (Rat kaidet fecunney'ir.)
3SG.MASC 1SG.OBL PST-hit-3SG with ball.
He threw the ball at me and hit me.

[Lao Kou]

From a Géarthnuns perspective, this covers turf similar to the "I shot you, I shot at you" thread:

Géarthnuns

1. Söb lé sík chü haileksüt gdez.
3SG-NOM AUX.PAST 1SG-DAT DEF ball-ACC throw
He threw the ball to me. / He threw me the ball.

2. Söb lé chü haileksüt síb fko gdez.
3SG-NOM AUX.PAST DEF ball-ACC 1SG-POST at throw
He threw the ball at me.

3. Söb lé chü haileksüt síb fko gdez kfö sít borhuzh.
3SG-NOM AUX.PAST DEF ball-ACC 1SG-POST at throw and 1SG-ACC hit
He threw the ball at me and hit me.

4. Söb lé sít chü haileksün borhuzh.
3SG-NOM AUX.PAST 1SG-ACC DEF ball-INSTR hit
He hit me with the ball.

[Chagen]

:Con: Pazmat:

The first two sentences are simple enough, and actually are translated the exact same way:

1/2: Rūdhnāya jhāye nroyḥuvyū
circle-DEF.SG-ACC 1S.DAT throw.PERF-3S

But the third sentence can be translated two ways. The first gets as literal as possible:

3a: Rūdhnāya jhāye nroyḥuvyū qa torū
circle-DEF.SG-ACC 1S.DAT throw.PERF-3S and hit.AOR-3S

The second however just changes the first sentence's dative pronoun to a locative:

3b: Rūdhnāya jhāv nroyḥuvyū
circle-DEF.SG-ACC 1S.LOC throw.PERF-3S

The locative means "on/by/next to", so the sentence is "He threw the ball on me"; since it's directly on you, it follows that it must have hit you.

[Maraxxus]

Valitasoj Veljim
Izin efisijiq olgul savoqóm.
PST throw-3SG ball ALL-1SG.ACC
He threw the ball to me.

Izin efisijiq olgul imedqóm.
PST throw-3SG ball ADE-1SG.ACC
He threw the ball at me.

Izin amaniq qóm rojolgul.
PST strike-3SG 1SG.ACC COM-ball
He hit me with the ball.

[taylorS]

Future English

1. Hiþūmye' ðbō.
[çiˈt̪uːmjɛʔ t̪pɔː]
hi-þū-mi-e' ð=bō
3SG.M.NOM-throw.PST-1SG.DAT-3SG.N.ACC

2. Hiþūe' ðbō a' mi.
[çiˈt̪uːɛʔ t̪pɔː ˈɑpmi]
hi-þū-e' ð=bō a'=mi
3SG.M.NOM-throw.PST-3SG.N.ACC DEF=ball at=1SG.OBL

3. Hiþūe' ðbō a' mi an hivāt'mi veþ e'.
[çiˈt̪uːɛʔ t̪pɔː ˈɑpmjɐn çiˈvɑːt’mi ˈvɛt̪ɛʔ]
hi-þū-e' ð=bō a'=mi=an hi-vāt'-mi veþ=e'
3SG.M.NOM-throw.PST-3SG.N.ACC DEF=ball at=1SG.OBL=CONJ 3SG.M.NOM-hit.PST-1SG.ACC with=3SG.N

[alynnidalar]

Old Azen

1. O menan degbejma rāmek.
3SG.NOM 1SG.DAT ball-ACC throw-PST.3
He threw the ball to me.

2. O mente degbejma rāmek.
3SG.NOM 1SG.LOC ball-ACC throw-PST.3
He threw the ball at me.

3. O mena degbejøl čapek.
3SG.NOM 1SG.ACC ball-INSTR hit-PST.3
He hit me with the ball.

Works a bit like Pazmat here, although not precisely--the dative in this context means "to me", but the locative means "at me" (with the implication that it could have hit, but doesn't necessitate that it did).

[Nortaneous]

Amqoli:

1) Lu nda phu zhashrilux.
3S PST ball 1S-N>V.to_at-CAUS

2) Lu nda phu zhanjalux.
3S PST ball 1S-N>V.to_on_v-CAUS

3) Lu nda phu zhanjalux sha ji goruts.
3S PST ball 1S-N>V.to_on_v-CAUS and 3S.INAN hit-1S.ABS

[Nortaneous]

Deghuri is similar: (note that most postpositions of location govern the instrumental case)

1) Um när qartvi hudhä ya khmur.
[unnɨ̆r qartfi huɗɨ̆ ja xmur]
3S.ERG PST throwing-INSTR ball 1S.LAT go_to-CAUS

2) Um när qartvi hudhä eyiv tumur.
[unnɨ̆r qartfi huɗ ĕjiv tumur]
3S.ERG PST throwing-INSTR ball 1S.INSTR go_onto-CAUS

3) Um när qartvi hudhä eyiv tumur, shä jem goruz.
[unnɨ̆r qartfi huɗ ĕjiv tumur ʃɨ̆ dʒĕm gŏruz]
3S.ERG PST throwing-INSTR ball 1S.INSTR go_onto-CAUS, and 3S.INAN.ERG hit-1S.ABS

There's a better way of translating 3) but I can't think of it right now.