Kyüweng

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 27 Dec 2016 04:12

I've been working on a ton of conlangs lately and this is one I couldn't wait to start sharing

. ևιυϛ̇ϵγ (Kyüweng) is a highly diverged Indo-European language and is known for its use of tones and syllable structure.

Phonology/Romanization:
Initial Consonants:
/m n/ <m n>
/p b t d k ɡ kʲ~kᶣ ɡʲ~ɡᶣ kʷ ɡʷ/ <p b t d k g ky gy kw gw>
/ps~pɕ t͡ʃ~t͡ɕ d͡ʒ~d͡ʑ ks~kɕ/ <ps ch j x>
/s~ɕ z~ʑ/ <s z>
/h/ <h>
/j~ɥ w/ <y w>
/ɾ/ <r>
/l/ <l>

Final Consonants:
/m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
/p̚ t̚ k̚/ <p t k>
/ps t͡ʃ ks/ <ps ch x>
/s ʐ/ <s z>
/l/ <r>

Only in loanwords:
/f/ <f>
In loanwords the concept of final and initial consonants is often ignored

Vowels:
/i y u/ <i ü u>
/e~ɤ o/ <e o>
/a/ <a>

Tones:
/˧~˦~˨ ˥ ˩ ˥˩/ <a á à â>

Allophony:
/ps t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s z ks/ become [pɕ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ʑ kɕ] before /i/ (or /j/ in loanwords)
/kʲ ɡʲ j/ become [kᶣ ɡᶣ ɥ] before /y/
/e/ becomes [ɤ] before /ŋ/ and word finally except after /j/
/˧/ becomes [˦] directly after /˥/ and [˨] directly after /˩/ if within the same word

Alphabet:
Αα- /a/
Бϐ- /b/
Гν- /g/
Δᵹ- /d/
Εe- /e~ɤ/
Ϝϛ̇- /w~ʷ/
Ζԅ- /z~ʐ/
*Ѳѳ- /d/ or /t/ (syllable finally)
Ιἰι- /i~j~ɥ~ʲ~ᶣ/ (ι is a special lowercase form used when representing /j~ɥ/)
ևцϙк- /k/ (ц is the main lowercase form, ϙ is used before o/υ/ω, к is used word finally)
Λλ- /l/ (Not used syllable finally in native words. Replaced with Ρρϱ there)
Мм- /m/
Nⲛ- /n/
Нγ- /ŋ/
Ⲝⲝ- /ks/
Οο- /o/
Πϖ- /p/
Ρρϱ- /ɾ~l/ (ρ is the main lowercase form, ϱ is used word finally)
Ͼσς- /s/ (σ is the main lowercase form, ς is used word finally)
Շт- /t/
Уυ- /y/
*Ѻѻ- /b/ or /p/ (syllable finally)
Φɸ- /f/
*Ϫχ- /g/ or /k/ (syllable finally)
Yψ- /ps/
Ϯϯ- /t͡ʃ/
Ͽͽ- /d͡ʒ/
Ϣω-/u/

*Indicate high tone on following syllable or syllable before it if at the end of the syllable

Diacritics etc.:
´- /˥/
`- /˩/
̑- /˥˩/
῾- /h/
ͱ- /h/ (Added before letter already marked with ´/`/ ̑)

Name Samples:
Αλἰ Ἁмeneἰ (Ali Khamenei)
Αγeλα Мèцeλ (Angela Merkel)
Бαραк Οϐαмα (Barack Obama)
Бeⲛιαмἰⲛ Neтαⲛιαὡ (Benjamin Netanyahu)
Δοⲛαλᵹ Շροмϖ (Donald Trump)
Φραⲛσϛ̇α Ολαⲛᵹ (François Hollande)
ևἰм Ͽeγ-Ϣⲛ (Kim Jong-Un)
Мἰσιeλ Շeмeϱ (Michel Temer)
Nαρeⲛᵹρα Мοᵹἰ (Narendra Modi)
Ͼἰⲛԅοω Αϐe (Shinzo Abe)
Շeρeԅα Мeι (Theresa May)
Бλαᵹἰмἰϱ Πωтἰⲛ (Vladimir Putin)
Ͼἰ Ͽȋⲛϖἰγ (Xi Jinping)

Next time I'll probably go into how different consonants and consonant clusters are simplified when appearing at the end of a syllable as opposed to being broken up between 2 syllables.

qwed117 · Post by **qwed117** » 27 Dec 2016 06:22

Well, as others have mentioned before, the orthography makes our mind choke. To quote Britney Spears on this, "Maybe if we both lived in a different world, it would be all good." That being said, I think Lydian and Cherokee basically both do this (hijack an orthography for theirs, but mangle it, until everyone else cries)

Frislander · Post by **Frislander** » 27 Dec 2016 11:50

qwed117 wrote:Well, as others have mentioned before, the orthography makes our mind choke. To quote Britney Spears on this, "Maybe if we both lived in a different world, it would be all good." That being said, I think Lydian and Cherokee basically both do this (hijack an orthography for theirs, but mangle it, until everyone else cries)

Seconded. I think the best strategy here is to not use the orthography in the description of the language and instead devise a romanisation, because I do fancy the idea of a tonal IE-lang and I'd like to see where you've taken thiz.

DV82LECM · Post by **DV82LECM** » 27 Dec 2016 14:53

Best Greek orthography I have honestly ever seen.

Lao Kou · Post by **Lao Kou** » 27 Dec 2016 15:09

I feel neither the need to take an aspirin nor a desire to weep. Will be interesting to see, nevertheless, when the project gets over its "conlag".

DesEsseintes · Post by **DesEsseintes** » 27 Dec 2016 16:28

I don't see what the fuss is about. If OP wants a quirky orthography that's his call.

LinguoFranco · Post by **LinguoFranco** » 27 Dec 2016 16:42

I like it so far, especially that you are utilizing tones for your conlang, which isn't something I have seen many conlangers attempt.

Frislander · Post by **Frislander** » 27 Dec 2016 20:22

Well if this is a conworld then I suppose I can see the reasoning, but even so the pairing of uppercase gamma with lowercase nu, uppercase pi with lowercase barred-omega and uppercase eta with lowercase gamma is very jarring for me.

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 28 Dec 2016 06:42

Thanks for all the support and criticism. I really do appreciate any and all comments. Definitely wasn't expecting a debate to already get started that's for sure

Frislander wrote:Well if this is a conworld then I suppose I can see the reasoning, but even so the pairing of uppercase gamma with lowercase nu, uppercase pi with lowercase barred-omega and uppercase eta with lowercase gamma is very jarring for me.

Thanks for the feedback. Like I do take things like this into consideration. Since most of the stuff I've written on grammar is in a transcription and not the orthography I might end up posting stuff in the transcription for the sake of easiness.

To me it sounds like you're saying the script is picking and choosing things randomly. All of the letters weren't picked and chosen, they're modified forms of older letters. ν is a moddified form of Greek γ while Kyüweng's γ is a modified form of νν. What you're calling barred-omega is actually a form of pi that's still used in some scientific texts as well as in some Greek handwriting. It would be like saying that lowercase g looks weird in Russian cursive next to uppercase Д or that lowercase nu looks weird as lowercase V. The symbols look similar but what I mark as the orthography on here is for the most part an approximation of the actual script using what's available in Unicode. А, A, and Α are still all separate letters. I personally don't like the use of ե and Շ but there aren't any closer approximations to what I'm looking for afaik.

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 29 Dec 2016 03:45

Development of Tones
In the vast majority of situations, tones developed from 3 specific situations:
-˥ developed from PIE /bʰ dʰ ǵʰ gʰ gʷʰ/ with the loss of /ʰ/ triggering a high tone on the syllable containing it
-˩ developed from the loss of PIE /r l/ when between a vowel and 2 or more consonants or between a vowel and 1 or more consonants if final (e.g: pors -> pòs)
-˥˩ developed from PIE long vowels which gained a tone and lost length

Consonant and Cluster Simplification
In order to fit into Kyüweng's strict consonant structure, many stems go through 2 simplifications when appearing finally or before a stem starting with consonant

1. Finally or before stems starting with a consonant besides S
-/b d ɡ kʲ ɡʲ kʷ ɡʷ d͡ʒ z ɾ/ become /p̚ t̚ k̚ k̚ k̚ k̚ k̚ t͡ʃ ʐ l/
-/h j w/ are dropped
-Stems ending with 2 consonants drop the second one
-If the stem ends with 2 consonants and the first one is /l/, the /l/ is dropped instead and the vowel before takes /˩/

2. Before stems starting with S
-All of the changes above are automatically put into effect
-/ms p̚s t̚s k̚s/ become /ps ps ks ks/
-If the stem originally ended with /kʷ ɡʷ/, that /k̚s/ becomes /ps/ instead
-/ns ŋs/ drop the /n ŋ/ and the vowel before s takes /˥˩/
-/ls/ drops the /l/ and the vowel before it takes /˩/
-/ps t͡ʃ ks s ʐ/ remain the same and don't add the /s/

The effects of step 2 can easily be seen in the difference between many masculine noun's nominative form and their stem:
Ϣⲝ/Ux: Wolf (Stem: Ϣν/Ug-)
Ȃψ/Âps: Snake (Stem: Ȃνϛ̇/Âgw-)
Πὰⲝ/Pàx: Park (Stem: Παρц/Park-)
Гèψ/Gèps: Wheat (Stem: Гeρϐ/Gerb-)

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 30 Dec 2016 22:45

First Declension
Kyüwen has maintained all of PIE's cases. Cases are organized roughly in accordance with their closest Latin and Greek equivalents. All nouns within the 1st declension pattern are feminine.

Singular:
Nominative: -a
Vocative: -a
Accusative: -ang
Dative: -i
Genitive: -as
Ablative: -as
Locative: -i
Instrumental: -a

Plural:
Nominative: -as
Vocative: -as
Accusative: -âs
Dative: -as
Genitive: -ong
Ablative: -as
Locative: -as
Instrumental: -ìp

Here's a sample noun of the first declension

Ѻωνα- Hawk

Spoiler:

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 02 Jan 2017 02:21

Second Declension (Masculine)
The second declension has 2 patterns: one for masculine nouns and one for neuter nouns.

Singular:
Nominative: -s
Vocative: -e
Accusative: -eng
Dative: -i
Genitive: -os
Ablative: -et
Locative: -
Instrumental: -a

Plural:
Nominative: -os
Vocative: -os
Accusative: -ôs
Dative: -os
Genitive: -ong
Ablative: -os
Locative: -os
Instrumental: -ìp

Sample Noun

Αψ- Horse

Spoiler:

Solarius · Post by **Solarius** » 02 Jan 2017 03:47

This looks pretty interesting--I'm always a sucker for good IE projects; do you have the sound changes?

How are the different cases use in context? For example, is the dative also a lative or is it just an indirect object marker?

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 02 Jan 2017 05:07

Solarius wrote:This looks pretty interesting--I'm always a sucker for good IE projects; do you have the sound changes?

Thanks! Kyüweng's undergone a ton of sound changes and I haven't gotten to all of them yet. Below are what I'd call the main sound changes
*p *b *t *d *ḱ *k *g -> b p d t s g k
*ǵ -> z but d͡ʒ~d͡ʑ /_i, a, s
*bʰ *dʰ *ǵʰ *gʰ *gʷʰ -> b˥ d˥ h˥ g˥ g˥
*nt -> ŋ
*h₂e *h₃e -> a o
*ey *ew -> i y

Most other changes are fairly specific and revolve around the change to a CVC syllable structure. I've mostly been doing these as words pop up. The one's that I've currently labeled are:

Spoiler:

Solarius wrote:How are the different cases use in context? For example, is the dative also a lative or is it just an indirect object marker?

The cases work relatively like one would expect them to. The only peculiarities I'd say are that the dative also functions as a lative when used with certain prepositions, the ablative is used to show the agent of the passive voice, and the locative is heavily used in adverbial constructions such as ῦ (locative singular for Day) being used to mean Today.

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 02 Jan 2017 18:43

Second Declension (Neuter)
Only differs from the masculine in the nominative, vocative, accusative, and instrumental cases

Singular:
Nominative: -ong
Vocative: -ong
Accusative: -ong
Dative: -i
Genitive: -os
Ablative: -et
Locative: -
Instrumental: -a

Plural:
Nominative: -a
Vocative: -a
Accusative: -a
Dative: -os
Genitive: -ong
Ablative: -os
Locative: -os
Instrumental: -ôs

Sample Noun

Ϫἰιογ- Winter

Spoiler:

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 04 Jan 2017 00:47

Third Declension (Pattern 1)
The third declension consists of both masculine and feminine nouns with no distinction between the 2. There are 3 similar declension patterns in this group

Singular:
Nominative: -s
Vocative: -
Accusative: -eng
Dative: -i
Genitive: -es
Ablative: -es
Locative: -
Instrumental: -a

Plural:
Nominative: -es
Vocative: -es
Accusative: -ês
Dative: -os
Genitive: -ong
Ablative: -os
Locative: -os
Instrumental: -ìp

Sample Noun

Ϝοψ- Voice

Spoiler:

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 05 Jan 2017 05:27

Third Declension (Pattern 2)
Differs from the first pattern in the nominative and accusative singular only

Singular:
Nominative: -ôs
Vocative: -
Accusative: -üng
Dative: -i
Genitive: -es
Ablative: -es
Locative: -
Instrumental: -a

Plural:
Nominative: -es
Vocative: -es
Accusative: -ês
Dative: -os
Genitive: -ong
Ablative: -os
Locative: -os
Instrumental: -ìp

Sample Noun

Ζeρȏς- Crane

Spoiler:

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 05 Jan 2017 22:28

Third Declension (Pattern 3)

Singular:
Nominative: -ô
Vocative: -on
Accusative: -ong
Dative: -uni
Genitive: -ûs
Ablative: -ûs
Locative: -on
Instrumental: -una

Plural:
Nominative: -ones
Vocative: -ones
Accusative: -onês
Dative: -unos
Genitive: -unong
Ablative: -unos
Locative: -unos
Instrumental: -unìp

Sample Noun

Ζȏ- Man/Human

Spoiler:

All4Ɇn · Post by **All4Ɇn** » 06 Jan 2017 22:32

Fourth Declension (Masculine)
Like the second declension, the 4th has 2 patterns for masculine and neuter nouns respectively.

Singular:
Nominative: -us
Vocative: -u
Accusative: -ung
Dative: -üwi
Genitive: -üs
Ablative: -üs
Locative: -ü
Instrumental: -üwa

Plural:
Nominative: -üs
Vocative: -üs
Accusative: -ü̂s
Dative: -üwos
Genitive: -üwong
Ablative: -üwos
Locative: -üwos
Instrumental: -üwìp

Sample Noun

Ͼωιως- Child/Boy

Spoiler:

Squall · Post by **Squall** » 07 Jan 2017 01:47

All4Ɇn wrote:Мἰσιeλ Շeмeϱ (Michel Temer)

Fora Temer Golpista!
/'fɔrä 'tẽmer gol'pistä/
Φορα Շeмeϱ Гολϖἰσтα
Get out Temer the coup d'etat performer!

The CBB

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