The CBB

I worked a page or two on Stoplang - what began as a very belated entry for a past speedlanging session, and modified itself before I could stop it. If nothing else, Stoplang will survive til the end of Lexember i say very very hopefully.

gestaltist wrote: ↑02 Dec 2017 19:31 I finalized a sketch of the diachronics of Nakarian (temporary name). It's messy and needs refinement but it's enough to participate in Lexember.

I doubt anybody would have the patience but in case you're very bored, here are the sound changes in SCA2's format:

Spoiler:

Code: Select all

K=ptʈkɸsʂxhmnɳŋ∂rɭ
A=aeiou18
G=bdɖgβzʐɣɦmnɳŋ∂rɭ
Ć=ŧʦʧcθɕɕɕȷǹrɲɲ∂ll
Ź=đʣʤɟðʑʑʑjǹrɲɲ∂ll
T=tsnrŧθðǹʦdzʣ∂l
R=ʈʂɳɽʈʂʐɳʧɖʐʤʤɭ
F=tʈksʂnɳ∂rɭdɖzʐʧcȷʤɟðɽ
J=ŧtkθsǹn∂rlđdðzʦʨɕʣʥlr
Ǝ=əɤɯou29
Y=aeiou18əɤɯou29
C=ptkɸsxhmnŋ∂rbdgβzɣɦŧʦcθɕȷǹɲlđʣɟðʑj
X=ptkbdgt͜sʦʣʧʤʨʥŧđ∂cɟ
S=ɸsxβzɣθðɕȷʑj
Ś=pʦkbʣgɸβʨɕʥʑ
Ť=ŧđǹθð
E=1289
I=iɤuɯ
V=ɤɯɨəaeiou
B=bdgđʣɟ∂
N=mnŋǹ?ɲ?
P=pbmɸw
Z=trnsl


ɸ|f

d͜ʒ|∂
ɾ|r
ɛ|e
i̯|1
u̯|8
a̤|aH
e̤|eH
i̤|iH
o̤|oH
ṳ|uH

t͜s|ʦ
d͜z|ʣ
ʈ͜ʂ|ʧ
ɖ͜ʐ|ʤ
t͜ɕ|ʨ
d͜ʑ|ʥ
t̪|ŧ
d̪|đ
n̪|ǹ
j̥|ȷ
a˞|ã
i˞|ĩ
o˞|õ
u˞|ũ
ɤ̯|2
ɯ̯|9
ɨ̯|3


-- Breathy voiced marked with "H"

-- Simplifying diphthongs for convenience
ɔ/o/_
ʊ/u/_

-- Merging words
-//_

-- Nasal POA assimilation
[nɳŋ]/m/_[pɸmh]
[nɳŋ]/m/[pɸmh]_

[mɳŋ]/n/_[tsn∂r]
[mɳŋ]/n/[tsn∂r]_

[mnŋ]/ɳ/_[ʈʂɳɭ]
[mnŋ]/ɳ/[ʈʂɳɭ]_

[mnɳ]/ŋ/_[kxŋ]
[mnɳ]/ŋ/[kxŋ]_

-- Intervocalic voicing
K/G/A(H)_A

-- Diphthong simplification
a1/e/_
a8/o/_

K1/Ć/_
G1/Ź/_


-- Disappearance of breathy voice with compensatory voicing of preceding consonant
K/G/_A(A)H
Ć/Ź/_A(A)H
H//_

-- Retroflex spreading
T/R/_…R
T/R/R…_
/ɽ/A_…R/_[rɽY]
/ɽ/R…A_/_[rɽY]
-- (recursion)
T/R/_…R
T/R/R…_
/ɽ/A_…R/_[rɽY]
/ɽ/R…A_/_[rɽY]
-- (recursion)
T/R/_…R
T/R/R…_
/ɽ/A_…R/_[rɽY]
/ɽ/R…A_/_[rɽY]

-- Coda stop lenition
[ptʈkŧʦʧc]/ʔ/_[#FG]

-- Disappearance of retroflexes and some other changes
F/J/_

-- Disappearance of postvocalic r
Ar/Ǝ/_/_Y

-- Reduction of schwa in some positions with strengthening of previous schwa
ə/ɤ/_CəCY/Y_
ə//YC_CY

-- Loss of voiced fricatives other than ɦ
β/8/[aeio]_[C#]
β/u/C_#
β/w/_
z/r/_#
z/s/_
ɣ/w/_[ou]
ɣ/w/[ou8]_
ɣ/ɦ/_
ð/ɦ/_[#C]
ð/đ/_
ʑ/ʥ/Y_Y
ʑ/j/_C
ʑ/ɕ/_

-- Low tone on word-final closed syllables [tonogenesis]
/˨/_C#/_ʔ#

-- Elision of word-final vowels
V//V…_#/C[C138]_

-- Epenthesis in word-final affricates
[ʣ∂]/ʣɯ/_#

-- Palatalization of dż in other positions
∂/ʥ/_

-- Glottal stop subsumed in clusters
X/X²/ʔ_
S/Ś/ʔ_
ʔ//_[XŚ]

-- Dental POA assimilation
Ť/Ť²/V_Ť
Ť//Ť²_

-- Disappearance of glottal stop [tonogenesis]
/˦/_ʔ#
ʔ//_

-- Disappearance of h in clusters [tonogenesis]
/˦/Y_h[C#]
/˦/Y_Ch
h//_C
h//C_
h//_#

-- Disappearance of ɦ in clusters [tonogenesis]
/˨/Y_ɦ[C#]
/˨/Y_Cɦ
ɦ//_C
ɦ//C_
ɦ//_#

-- Disappearance of r in clusters [tonogenesis]
/˨/Y_r[C#]
/˨/Y_Cr
r//_C
r//C_
r//_#

-- Syllabification/simplification of diphthongs next to clusters (creation of V(C) syllables)
o8/u/_[˨˦]C[C#]
o8/u/CC_
E/I/_[˨˦]C[C#]
E/I/CC_

-- Lenition of some syllable-final consonants
B/N/Y_[C#]/_²
[ɸθs]/h/_[C#]

-- Loss of dental-alveolar distinction and Samhan influence
k/q/_(k)[ɤəaeo]
ʨ/k/_/_(ʨ)[ie1]
ʥ/g/_/_(ʥ)[ie1]
ɕ/x/_/_(ɕ)[ie1]

x/χ/_(x)[ɤəaeo]

[hɦx]/χ/Y_Y
[xɦ]/h/_

t/ʦ/_[ie1]
d/ʥ/_[ie1]
s/ɕ/_(s)[ie1]
t/ʦ/_ʦ
d/ʥ/_ʥ
s/ɕ/_ɕ

Ť/P/_(Ť)[ou8]
Ť/Z/_

I was apparently “very bored”[/quote] and read through your changes. Loved the tonogenesis and now have new ideas for tone in Núta.

Glad you liked it, Des. Anything that jumped at you as implausible?

I didn't accomplish it today (more like last week), but I finally finished my paper on Romani.

I did some reorganization of Shonkasika's lexicon (I use SIL FieldWorks Language Explorer to manage it). I basically decided to treat middle, passive, and causative senses of a verb with notes about which voice to use rather than separate head entries.

Here is an example:

I made a cute little orb to use as a symbol for my conworld:



(Still need to make a Frath page for it since I have been linking to it for years now.)

I created a spreadsheet with all 8092 valid syllables of proto-Nakarian and put the modern forms next to them, checking how many of them became homophones. Now I'm expanding the spreadsheet with class prefixes, also checking what happens to monosyllabic roots after the addition of a prefix. For now, the most extreme case of homophony I found is ʟən - this form appears for 144 roots after adding the secondary prefix of Class 1 and running the sound changes.

Once done, it will help me decide which homophones to keep and which would have to be lost and/or exchanged for polysyllabic words. (Ultimately, all roots in proto-Nakarian were monosyllabic - but there would've been numerous two-word-phrases that later conflate into single polysyllabic words.)

Using formulas + SCA2 is such a time saver. And with 15 noun classes, trying to figure all of this out manually would've been a lot of work.

---

Wow Thrice. This is so very pretty!

So that polysynthetic language I talked abut earlier in the thread has started to get off the ground and things are going quite well so far. I've settled on the gender system (which manifests itself in the form of the oblique case and the 3rd person singular suffix), as well as some interesting things to do with the bipartite stems. I'm having particular fun using an old benefactive suffix, e.g. nep- [ŋɤp] "carry" > nep-ṣas [ŋɤpʂasʲ] "bring", th(e)-ṣas [t̪ɤʂasʲ] "give" (frozen compound) and than- [t̪aŋ] "walk (about)" > than-ṣas [t̪aŋʂasʲ] "visit".

There's some additional interesting diachronic developments with the case systems as well, whereby an original distinction between genitive and locative was lost in fvaour of the genitive in masculine and feminine nouns but the locative in the neuter, and furthermore the masculine gender split depending on whether it showed the nominative/oblique distinction by ablaut or by borrowing the feminine genitive suffix (e.g. nominative pot [pɒtʲ]/oblique pat [patʲ] "man" vs. nominative put [potʲ]/oblique putut [potʲotʲ] "woman").

My conlang Ngucam now marks ergativity by heightening the tone of the first syllable.

Low tone becomes mid tone:
ḳgȅwò - pillar, absolutive
ḳgēwò - pillar, ergative

Mid tone becomes high tone:
ṭzikg - year, absolutive
ṭzíkg - year, ergative

High tone unaffected:
m̃ók - city, absolutive
m̃ók - city, ergative

Tone is nice because i'm tired of coming up with affixes.

Ahzoh wrote: ↑04 Dec 2017 14:37 My conlang Ngucam now marks ergativity by heightening the tone of the first syllable.

Low tone becomes mid tone:
ḳgȅwò - pillar, absolutive
ḳgēwò - pillar, ergative

Mid tone becomes high tone:
ṭzikg - year, absolutive
ṭzíkg - year, ergative

High tone unaffected:
m̃ók - city, absolutive
m̃ók - city, ergative

Tone is nice because i'm tired of coming up with affixes.

This is indeed very nice. You could now switch things around and say that emphasis is marked with an affix instead.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑04 Dec 2017 16:21

Ahzoh wrote: ↑04 Dec 2017 14:37 My conlang Ngucam now marks ergativity by heightening the tone of the first syllable.

Low tone becomes mid tone:
ḳgȅwò - pillar, absolutive
ḳgēwò - pillar, ergative

Mid tone becomes high tone:
ṭzikg - year, absolutive
ṭzíkg - year, ergative

High tone unaffected:
m̃ók - city, absolutive
m̃ók - city, ergative

Tone is nice because i'm tired of coming up with affixes.

This is indeed very nice. You could now switch things around and say that emphasis is marked with an affix instead.

I'm thinking of marking the genitive with a floating tone too, only in the opposite direction.

I got out of bed, got dressed, thought really hard about leaving the apartment, got undressed, and went back to bed.

^Sometimes I relish days like that.

Today I finally added something to my conlang page, and developed more of the verbal system. I'm almost done with college apps. Things are going well

eldin raigmore wrote: ↑05 Dec 2017 01:11 I got out of bed, got dressed, thought really hard about leaving the apartment, got undressed, and went back to bed.

I envy you. I was 12 hours at work yesterday, and today doesn't look much better. Coming here for a few minutes is all the rest I'm going to get today.

I have worked out a good portion of back story for a D&D character for a campaign starting... probably after the new year.

gestaltist wrote: ↑05 Dec 2017 10:53

eldin raigmore wrote: ↑05 Dec 2017 01:11 I got out of bed, got dressed, thought really hard about leaving the apartment, got undressed, and went back to bed.

I envy you. I was 12 hours at work yesterday, and today doesn't look much better. Coming here for a few minutes is all the rest I'm going to get today.

The grass is just always so much greener...

I made the first sentence in Ngucamic:

Pálácàñmà co hum còyít (ā) jēttzōp (ā) ssím.
go-PST 3.ERG to 3-GEN EMP-PL-mother-GEN PL-house-ABS
[páláqàŋbà qɔ xum qɔ̀jít (aː) ɣeːt͡ːsoːp (aː) sːím]
They went to their mothers' houses.

At the moment word-order is VSXO, though I'm pondering VOSX.

Ahzoh wrote: ↑05 Dec 2017 18:52 I made the first sentence in Ngucamic:

Pálácàñmà co hum còyít (ā) jēttzōp (ā) ssím.
go-PST 3.ERG to 3-GEN EMP-PL-mother-GEN PL-house-ABS
[páláqàŋbà qɔ xum qɔ̀jít (aː) ɣeːt͡ːsoːp (aː) sːím]
They went to their mothers' houses.

At the moment word-order is VSXO, though I'm pondering VOSX.

I really like the style

Actually, i made changes to the verb. There might be conjugation classes similar to Romance ar/er/ir verbs, or there might not. If I do, it will likely be based on the tones present in the verb roots.
INF: pálác
PST: páláñmà (< pálá-ñma)
PRES: páláwàkp (< pálá-wakp)
FUT: páláwàkp sáp

I'm fleshing out Ngucam because it will be a large source of loanwords for the Northeast Charric languages. Even sím (house) is a loanword from Northeast Charric languages.

And I definitely don't want the language to look like Chinese or Vietnamese or similar languages.

I resumed conlanging on Buonavallese because I received the addresses for the Conlang Card Exchange.