a. The plane is flying over the hill. (above-across sense)
b. Sam walked over the hill. (above-across sense, contact with it))
c. The bird flew over the yard.
d. The bird flew over the wall.
e. Sam lives over the hill. (endpoint of the path)
f. The painting is over the mantel. (above sense)
g. The board is over the hole. (covering sense)
h. She spread the tablecloth over the table. (covering sense and destination)
i. The city clouded over. (covering sense)
j. The guards were posted over the hill. (multiplex trajector, i.e. many guards)
k. Harry still hasn’t gotten over his divorce. (Life is a journey metaphor)
Then I tried translating these to Finnish. (I have just rough literal translations; no glosses)
a. Lentokone lentää mäen yli.
Plain flies hill’s over
b. Sam käveli mäen yli.
Sam walked hill’s over
c. Lintu lensi pihan yli.
Bird flew yard’s over
d. Lintu lensi mäen yli.
Bird flew hill’s over
e. Sam asuu mäen toisella puolen.
Sam lives hill's on.other side's
Sam lives hill’s over
f. Maalaus on takanreunuksen yläpuolella.
Painting is mantel’s above
g. Levy on reiän päällä.
Board is hole’s on (lit. On the head)
h. Hän levitti pöytäliinan pöydän yli.
She spread tablecloth table’s over
i. Kaupunki oli pilvien peitossa.
City was covered by the clouds. No adposition
j. Vartijat oli sijoitettu ympäri mäkeä.
Guards were posted around hill
k. Harry ei ole vieläkään päässyt yli erostaan.
Harry doesn’t have still gotten over his divorce
So f and g, exclusively with the above sense, have a different adpositions.
The covering sense in i cannot have any preposition.
k uses the preposition 'around' as arbitrary as over.
| Fluent: 
| Less than fluent: 
, 
, 
, :fao:, 
Jwar Nong,